Do novel genotypes drive the success of an invasive bark beetle<i>–</i>fungus complex? Implications for potential reinvasion

Lü, Min; Wingfield, Michael J.; Gillette, Nancy E.; Sun, Jianghua

doi:10.1890/11-0687.1

Cited by 67 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Increased fitness and virulence of another biogeographical-shift symbiont was reported in China (103). Leptographium procerum (Fig.…”

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Although the factors that result in the development of new bark beetle-associated problems are often obscure, three hypotheses are proposed for their development: 1) biogeographical shifts, in which new beetle vectors or tree hosts interact with fungi that are apparently benign in their original habitat (66,103); 2) pathogen-vector shifts where pathogens join a pre-existing beetle and tree association (2,127,166,169); and 3) host shifts in which beetles and fungi that did not damage their original host tree(s) move to and damage a new host tree species (94,158).…”

Section: ) Have Extreme Impacts;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novel genotypes of the fungus were recently identified in China that were more pathogenic to the new encounter species Pinus tabuliformis than were USA genotypes of the fungus. The novel genotypes also induced the release of higher amounts of 3-carene, a primary attractant for the beetle, in inoculated seedlings (103). Lu et al (103) concluded that L. procerum adapted to its new encounter pine hosts after its introduction to China.…”

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novel genotypes also induced the release of higher amounts of 3-carene, a primary attractant for the beetle, in inoculated seedlings (103). Lu et al (103) concluded that L. procerum adapted to its new encounter pine hosts after its introduction to China.…”

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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Diseases that are associated with ambrosia and bark beetles comprise some of the most significant problems that have emerged on trees in the last century. They are caused by fungi in the Ophiostomatales, Microascales and Hypocreales, and have vectors in the Scolytinae (ambrosia and bark beetles), Platypodinae (ambrosia beetles) and Hylesininae (bark beetles) subfamilies of the Curculionidae (Coleoptera) (73,102,144). Some of these problems, such as Dutch elm disease (DED), have a long history, have been extensively researched, and are fairly well understood (23,56,70,113,149,168,169). In contrast, other similar diseases developed recently and are poorly or partially understood (2,3,42,51,73,89,94,98,114,127,137,154,158, 164,165). Significant data gaps may exist for the ecology, epidemiology and management of the latter diseases.The emergence and unexpected importance of these tree diseases are discussed in thisarticle. An underlying factor in most of these interactions is the absence of a coevolved history between the so-called "naïve" or "new encounter" host trees and the pathogens and/or beetles (27,128,174). For the ambrosia beetles, these interactions are associated with susceptibility to what are typically benign fungi and atypical relationships with healthy trees (ambrosia beetles favor trees that are dead or stressed). Interestingly, the pathogens for both the ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases often have symbiotic relationships with the insects that are not based on phytopathogenicity. Some of the most alarming and damaging of these diseases are considered below as "black swan events" (155).Black Swans. Before 1697, improbable events and situations in Europe were known as "black swans" (at the time, all swans known to Europeans were white) (134). In that year, the black swan, Cygnus atratus, was discovered in Western Australia (38). Thereafter, "black swan" developed as a metaphor for a supposed impossibility that is contradicted with new information.For example, John Stuart Mill used black swan logical fallacy when identifying falsification, a key component in the scientific method (68).In a recent book, Taleb (155) developed Black Swan Theory (BST). Unlike the "black swan" to which Mill referred (68), BST focuses on unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence (155). Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.The Beetles and Beetle-associated Tree Diseases. The order Coleoptera contains more species than any other or...

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“…Increased fitness and virulence of another biogeographical-shift symbiont was reported in China (103). Leptographium procerum (Fig.…”

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: ) Have Extreme Impacts;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Other Bark-beetle Associated Tree Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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“…Diverse forest communities, pulp and timber plantations, and agricultural production are impacted in tropical, temperate and boreal environments [1][2][3][4]. Host jumps, pathogen hybridization and climate change have been associated with some of the new diseases [5][6][7][8], but other outbreaks have resulted from the invasion of naïve Laurel wilt affects trees and shrubs in the Lauraceae (Laurales, Magnoliid complex). It is caused by a fungal symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola T.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Ploetz

Kendra²,

Choudhury

et al. 2017

Forests

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Laurel wilt kills members of the Lauraceae plant family in the southeastern United States. It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva, a nutritional fungal symbiont of an invasive Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, which was detected in Port Wentworth, Georgia, in 2002. The beetle is the primary vector of R. lauricola in forests along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, but other ambrosia beetle species that obtained the pathogen after the initial introduction may play a role in the avocado (Persea americana Miller) pathosystem. Susceptible taxa are naïve (new-encounter) hosts that originated outside Asia. In the southeastern United States, over 300 million trees of redbay (P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.) have been lost, and other North American endemics, non-Asian ornamentals and avocado-an important crop that originated in MesoAmerica-are also affected. However, there are no reports of laurel wilt on the significant number of lauraceous endemics that occur in the Asian homeland of R. lauricola and X. glabratus; coevolved resistance to the disease in the region has been hypothesized. The rapid spread of laurel wilt in the United States is due to an efficient vector, X. glabratus, and the movement of wood infested with the insect and pathogen. These factors, the absence of fully resistant genotypes, and the paucity of effective control measures severely constrain the disease's management in forest ecosystems and avocado production areas.

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Application of Chemical Cues in Arthropod Pest Management for Forest Trees

Paine

2013

Chemical Ecology of Insect Parasitoids

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Do novel genotypes drive the success of an invasive bark beetle–fungus complex? Implications for potential reinvasion

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Application of Chemical Cues in Arthropod Pest Management for Forest Trees

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