Do other goals influence physical activity? A systematic review examining the relationship between other goals and physical activity behavior

Correlates of meeting the combined and independent aerobic and strength exercise guidelines in hematologic cancer survivors

“…We speculate that this may reflect a unique facet of aerobic exercise which allows individuals to multi-task while participating. So, sacrificing one’s involvement in competing activities (e.g., television watching) in order to exercise may not be required if multiple aims can be pursued simultaneously [22]. …”

Managing exercise with another highly valued and conflicting leisure time goal

“…A recent review by Rhodes, Quinlan, and Mistry () revealed eight studies where participants reported that their non‐exercise goals were in conflict with their exercise goals. Study designs were cross‐sectional (Jung & Brawley, ; Rhodes & Blanchard, ) and prospective (Carraro & Gaudreau, ; Li & Chan, ; Presseau, Sniehotta, Francis, & Gebhardt, ; Presseau, Tait, Johnston, Francis, & Sniehotta, ; Riediger & Freund, ; Williams, Guerin, & Fortier, ).…”

“…All of the research was conducted among adults, with most studies conducted among students (Carraro & Gaudreau, ; Jung & Brawley, ; Li & Chan, ; Presseau et al., , ), employees (Rhodes & Blanchard, ), and working mothers (Williams et al., ). Despite contentions about when intergoal conflict arises, the review concluded that intergoal conflict has been inconsistently related with exercise (see Rhodes et al., for a review).…”

“…Concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy has been found to be a consistent predictor of exercise when individuals concurrently pursue a non‐exercise goal (e.g., Crozier et al., ; Jung & Brawley, ). Although intergoal conflict has also been examined, its relationship with exercise has been largely inconsistent (Rhodes et al., ). The present study sought to address two methodological limitations of previous intergoal conflict research by ensuring that exercise and non‐exercise goals were perceived by participants to be highly valued and conflicting with each other .…”

“…The study purpose was to examine whether intergoal conflict and the likelihood and value of positive exercise outcome expectations predicted moderate‐vigorous exercise beyond concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy when concurrent exercise and non‐exercise goals were highly valued and conflicting. Based upon theory (Bandura, ) and past research findings (Crozier et al., ; Jung & Brawley, ; Rhodes et al., ; Williams et al., ), intergoal conflict and the likelihood and value of outcome expectations were hypothesized to predict unique exercise variance, after controlling for concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy. Intergoal conflict was expected to be a negative exercise predictor, while concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy and positive outcome expectations (likelihood and value) were expected to be positive predictors.…”