Do people know how others view them? Two approaches for identifying the accuracy of metaperceptions

Donnelly, Kristin; Moon, Alice; Critcher, Clayton R.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.06.018

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Overall, the broad mechanism for the negative metabias appeared to be an egocentric self-focus, which is in line with past work demonstrating that people often anchor their perspective-taking too much on their own perspective (Donnelly et al, 2022). However, the exact nature of this egocentric mechanism was different when considering a new acquaintance versus a well-known acquaintance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Statistically, people who think they are seen as higher on a trait relative to other traits (or other people) might indeed be seen as higher on that trait (meta-accuracy), but at the same time, people might form metaperceptions that are systematically too positive or too negative (metabias). Conceptually, meta-accuracy reveals if people understand the relative impression they make on others, whereas metabias reflects how off people are from the mark, a difference that might have psychological meaning in relationships and consequences for metaperceivers (Donnelly et al, 2022).…”

Section: Metabias: Are Metaperceptions Too Positive Too Negative or S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do you make a better or worse impression than you think?

Elsaadawy¹,

Carlson²

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Are people's metaperceptions, or their beliefs about how others perceive them, too positive, too negative, or spot on? Across six samples of new acquaintances (total N = 1,113) and/or well-known acquaintances (total N = 1,336), we indexed metabias (i.e., the mean-level difference between metaperceptions and impressions) on a broad range of attributes to test: (a) how biased people are on average, (b) whether bias is pervasive or limited to particular contexts (level of acquaintanceship) or attributes (e.g., liking judgments or traits), (c) whether bias is consistent across attributes, and (d) what explains bias. On average, participants demonstrated a negative metabias on most attributes for both new and well-known acquaintances, suggesting that people generally fail to appreciate how positively they are seen by others. However, there was variability around this average such that, whereas most participants were negatively biased (48%), many were accurate (34%), and some were positively biased (18%). Bias was also consistent across traits, suggesting that knowing people's metabias for one attribute offers some insight into their relative bias for other attributes. What explained metabias? Generally, people relied too much on their self-perceptions, which were more negative than the impressions they made, although bias for new acquaintances involved additional factors. That said, people understood that others saw them more positively than how they saw themselves, but they did not understand the extent of this positivity. These results offer a general framework for understanding metabias and add to the growing literature, demonstrating that people are not positively biased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Metabias: Are Metaperceptions Too Positive Too Negative or S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you make a better or worse impression than you think?

Elsaadawy¹,

Carlson²

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Consistent with other actor-observer asymmetries (e.g., Critcher et al, 2020;Donnelly et al, 2022;E. E. Jones & Nisbett, 1987), our findings reveal a discrepancy between forecasters' intuitions of how others perceive them and observers' actual perceptions of forecasters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Premature predictions: Accurate forecasters are not viewed as more competent for earlier predictions.

Mislavsky,

Gaertig

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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How does the timing of a prediction influence how a forecaster is perceived? Many people believe that they will be seen as more competent if they make accurate predictions far in advance of an event. However, we find that forecasters are not seen as more competent-and are sometimes seen as less competent-when they make predictions far in advance of an event occurring. Furthermore, we find that this is because observers recognize that events far in the future are less knowable, suggesting that they may attribute accurate but premature forecasts more to luck than to skill. Forecasters would benefit from knowing this when considering making predictions. They are not penalized for waiting until more information is known but may lose credibility if they make a prediction too early. Public Significance StatementForecasting has become increasingly prevalent and increasingly lucrative for successful forecasters. However, there has been little research on how people form judgments of forecasters themselves. This article examines how one component of a forecast, when the forecast is made, influences a forecaster's perceived competence. Specifically, we find that, although making earlier predictions is more difficult, forecasters are not perceived as more competent the earlier they make predictions (and may be seen as less competent if they make predictions too early). Our findings suggest that forecasters (whether professional or amateur) may be better off waiting to make predictions until significant information is available to make a truly informed prediction.

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“…There are different approaches for indexing meta-accuracy ( Donnelly et al, 2021 ). The present study employed the profile approach (see Back & Nestler, 2016 ; Borkenau & Leising, 2016 ), more common in the personality judgment literature (but see Levavi-Francy et al, 2020 , for a recent application of the profile approach to examine emotional similarity).…”

Section: What Is Emotion Meta-accuracy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do People Know How Their Romantic Partner Views Their Emotions? Evidence for Emotion Meta-Accuray and Links with Momentary Romantic Relationship Quality

Tissera

Heyman

Human

2022

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Do people know how their romantic partner (i.e., the perceiver) views the self’s (i.e., the metaperceiver’s) emotions, displaying emotion meta-accuracy? Is it relevant to relationship quality? Using a sample of romantic couples ( Ncouples = 189), we found evidence for two types of emotion meta-accuracy across three different interactions: (a) normative emotion meta-accuracy, knowing perceivers’ impressions of metaperceivers’ emotions that are in line with how the average person may feel, and (b) distinctive emotion meta-accuracy, knowing perceivers’ unique impression of metaperceivers’ emotions. Furthermore, across interactions, normative emotion meta-accuracy was positively related to momentary relationship quality for metaperceivers and perceivers and this link was especially strong in the conflict interaction. Distinctive emotion meta-accuracy was negatively related to momentary relationship quality across interactions for perceivers and in the conflict interaction for metaperceivers. Overall, it may be adaptive for metaperceivers to accurately infer perceivers’ normative impressions and to remain blissfully unaware of their unique impressions.

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Do people know how others view them? Two approaches for identifying the accuracy of metaperceptions

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Do you make a better or worse impression than you think?

Do you make a better or worse impression than you think?

Premature predictions: Accurate forecasters are not viewed as more competent for earlier predictions.

Do People Know How Their Romantic Partner Views Their Emotions? Evidence for Emotion Meta-Accuray and Links with Momentary Romantic Relationship Quality

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