Abstract:Homeless Families?The social interaction learning framework was used to explore whether positive parenting practices (noncoercive discipline, clear expectations, and praise and incentives) mitigated any effects of parent mental health (psychological distress and parenting stress) on child externalizing behaviors in a predominantly African American sample of homeless parents residing in transitional housing (N = 52, 79.6% female). The results showed that the positive relationship between psychological distress … Show more
“…Prior findings related to parental resilience (resilience of a mother or a father) have shown both moderating and mediating effects. Our study further validates the idea of parental resilience working as a moderator between financial stress and child outcomes (Miller et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2015). Additionally, as no other studies, to our knowledge, have investigated the moderating role of maternal self-esteem, life satisfaction, and mastery in low-income mothers and their children, these results add to our current understanding of different maternal resilience variables and how they are related to various child outcomes.…”
Section: Maternal Resilience As a Buffersupporting
confidence: 84%
“…Although findings show that financial stress impairs outcomes for both parents and children, other research shows that financially stressed parents who engage in acceptance and positive thinking suffer less impairment (Wadsworth et al, 2005) and children from low-SES families with involved parents (often mothers) experience fewer negative outcomes than children whose parents are less involved (Smith et al, 2015). Smith et al (2015) examined positive parenting techniques (e.g., giving praise, using incentives, awarding positive behavior instead of punishing negative behavior, etc.) and found that positive parenting was related to decreased negative behaviors in families experiencing objective financial stress.…”
Section: Maternal Resilience and Child Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Notably, subjective (i.e., feeling stressed) and objective (i.e., financial hardship) financial stress may have a differential impact (Conger & Donellan, 2007; Uçanok & Güre, 2014). Moreover, parental behaviors (especially of mothers given their role as primary caregiver in most households) play an important role in responses to financial stress (Smith, Holtrop, & Reynolds, 2015; Wadsworth, Raviv, Compas, & Connor-Smith, 2005). Despite the importance of these findings, few studies have examined the buffering role of maternal resilience—defined broadly as a trait-like ability to sustain life satisfaction, self-esteem, and purpose in the face of hardship (adapted from Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000)—in financially stressed homes.…”
The physical, mental, and behavioral impact of living in poverty is significant; research shows that individuals who experience financial stress in childhood are more likely to suffer from impaired mental health and continue experiencing similar stressors in adulthood. Less clear is the role of maternal resilience on child outcomes in the face of financial stress. The current study focused on maternal resilience as a moderator between objective financial stress and child outcomes. Additionally, we proposed that subjective financial stress would mediate the interaction between maternal resilience and objective financial stress on child outcomes. To test these hypotheses, we utilized data from the Mothers’ Outcomes Matter Study in which 116 low-income mothers were interviewed about their stress, resilience, and their child’s mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Results suggest that maternal self-esteem and mastery buffer the relationship between objective financial stress and child outcomes, but subjective financial stress did not mediate the association.
“…Prior findings related to parental resilience (resilience of a mother or a father) have shown both moderating and mediating effects. Our study further validates the idea of parental resilience working as a moderator between financial stress and child outcomes (Miller et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2015). Additionally, as no other studies, to our knowledge, have investigated the moderating role of maternal self-esteem, life satisfaction, and mastery in low-income mothers and their children, these results add to our current understanding of different maternal resilience variables and how they are related to various child outcomes.…”
Section: Maternal Resilience As a Buffersupporting
confidence: 84%
“…Although findings show that financial stress impairs outcomes for both parents and children, other research shows that financially stressed parents who engage in acceptance and positive thinking suffer less impairment (Wadsworth et al, 2005) and children from low-SES families with involved parents (often mothers) experience fewer negative outcomes than children whose parents are less involved (Smith et al, 2015). Smith et al (2015) examined positive parenting techniques (e.g., giving praise, using incentives, awarding positive behavior instead of punishing negative behavior, etc.) and found that positive parenting was related to decreased negative behaviors in families experiencing objective financial stress.…”
Section: Maternal Resilience and Child Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Notably, subjective (i.e., feeling stressed) and objective (i.e., financial hardship) financial stress may have a differential impact (Conger & Donellan, 2007; Uçanok & Güre, 2014). Moreover, parental behaviors (especially of mothers given their role as primary caregiver in most households) play an important role in responses to financial stress (Smith, Holtrop, & Reynolds, 2015; Wadsworth, Raviv, Compas, & Connor-Smith, 2005). Despite the importance of these findings, few studies have examined the buffering role of maternal resilience—defined broadly as a trait-like ability to sustain life satisfaction, self-esteem, and purpose in the face of hardship (adapted from Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000)—in financially stressed homes.…”
The physical, mental, and behavioral impact of living in poverty is significant; research shows that individuals who experience financial stress in childhood are more likely to suffer from impaired mental health and continue experiencing similar stressors in adulthood. Less clear is the role of maternal resilience on child outcomes in the face of financial stress. The current study focused on maternal resilience as a moderator between objective financial stress and child outcomes. Additionally, we proposed that subjective financial stress would mediate the interaction between maternal resilience and objective financial stress on child outcomes. To test these hypotheses, we utilized data from the Mothers’ Outcomes Matter Study in which 116 low-income mothers were interviewed about their stress, resilience, and their child’s mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Results suggest that maternal self-esteem and mastery buffer the relationship between objective financial stress and child outcomes, but subjective financial stress did not mediate the association.
“…In these cases, the authors described how addressing embedded systems of power were critical to future scholarship. In the study by McNeil Smith et al (2015), The intersectionality of race, class, and gender were not examined…The majority of the current sample were homeless African American female caregivers, but their unique burdens were not examined in a nuanced manner to assess how these identities influenced parental mental health and child externalizing behaviors (p. 617).…”
Contemporary scholars have applied intersectionality as a means of capturing the complex ways in which identity, inequality, and social justice converge to manifest unique sources of strength and vulnerability. Given the increase in the use of this term, the aim of this study was to systematically and comprehensively examine the application of intersectionality in the fields of family science and family therapy from 2010 to 2020. Through the use of content and thematic analysis, we examined trends and variations in how scholars operationalized and applied the principles of intersectionality. Findings suggest that intersectionality remains underutilized and underdefined. Moreover, intersectionality was primarily concentrated in theoretically driven articles and was least prevalent in articles focused on addressing a specific clinical topic or need or research methods. These findings suggest that, although the use of intersectionality is expanding, its applicability in empirical, and especially clinically focused, scholarship remains an area of growth and opportunity.
“…Parenting stress in homeless families also produces challenges that exacerbate existing problems (McNeal Smith, Holtrop, & Reynolds, 2015). A parent’s perception of child-rearing competence and other restrictions influence the relationship between SLEs and child adjustment.…”
Section: Parenting Stress In Homeless Familiesmentioning
Research has neglected the potential role of perceived parental control as a moderator between stressful life events (SLEs) and child internalizing symptoms. Using secondary data from the Early Risers “Skills for Success” Program, this study examined the impact of perceived parental control on the association between SLEs and child internalizing symptoms in formerly homeless families. The sample consisted of 137 families with 223 children between 4 and 12 years of age (M = 8.1, SD = 2.3) living in supportive housing sites in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants completed measures assessing the number of SLEs experienced (e.g., unemployment of parent, death of loved one, serious illness, homelessness, etc.), perceived parental control, and child internalizing symptoms. In this sample, 65% of children (n = 144) experienced at least one SLE with an average experience of two events (M = 2.0, SD = 1.9, Range: 0–7 SLEs). A regression analysis found that experiencing more SLEs and a perceived absence of parental control over child behavior were positively associated with child internalizing symptoms. A significant interaction between SLEs and perceived absence of parental control over child behavior in predicting child internalizing symptoms was also found. These findings suggest that children of parents who model appropriate control are more likely to experience fewer internalizing symptoms in response to SLEs.
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