Do properties of bioactive glasses exhibit mixed alkali behavior?

Abstract

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Influence of the replacement of silica by boron trioxide on the properties of bioactive glass scaffolds

“…However, the surface of the 13‐93‐based and 13‐93‐BS BG scaffold struts is seen to be smooth (according to higher magnification images), whereas the struts of 13‐93‐B BG scaffolds appear rougher. This is a sign that the BG particles in the case of silicate 13‐88 and borosilicate (13‐93‐BS) BGs are sintered together (via a viscous flow mechanism 54 ), which results in suitable densification. In contrast, the 13‐93‐B BG particles appear to be not (completely) fused together, resulting in a greater porosity of around 95%.…”

“…However, when sintering 45S5 BG particles into porous scaffolds, the crystallization at temperatures of 600–700°C prevents maximum densification and thus makes difficult the manufacture of (amorphous) scaffolds with adequate mechanical properties 13‐15 . One explored approach to reduce the tendency of glasses to crystallize has been through exploiting the so‐called mixed‐alkali effect by introducing several alkaline earth oxides and alkali oxides simultaneously in the glass 16‐21 . This approach was successfully utilized in the development of the 13‐93 BG composition, composed of 53 SiO 2 ‐6 Na 2 O‐12 K 2 O‐5 MgO‐20 CaO‐4 P 2 O 5 (in wt%) 22,23 …”

“…[13][14][15] One explored approach to reduce the tendency of glasses to crystallize has been through exploiting the so-called mixed-alkali effect by introducing several alkaline earth oxides and alkali oxides simultaneously in the glass. [16][17][18][19][20][21] This approach was successfully utilized in the development of the 13-93 BG composition, composed of 53 SiO 2 -6 Na 2 O-12 K 2 O-5 MgO-20 CaO-4 P 2 O 5 (in wt%). 22,23 A key property of the 13-93 and 45S5 BG compositions (as well as other BG compositions) is their ability to form an amorphous calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite surface layer during degradation.…”

Guest editors’ preface

“…Another group of papers deals with fundamental studies of bioactive glasses, including compositions exhibiting mixed alkali effect [20], incorporation of radioactivatable yttrium [21] and papers dealing with the modeling (molecular dynamics simulations) of the sol-gel synthesis of bioactive glasses [22] and Srcontaining phosphate glasses [23]. Bioactive glasses are frequently combined with other materials to form composites or hybrids for a broad range of applications.…”

In vitrodissolution of bioactive glass S53P4 microspheres

“…23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] T in these cases to determine the resin flow ing times corresponding to different infilt Preceramic polycarbosilane polymers as precursors to make ceramic fibers 10,3 trix. [7][8][9]40,41 The chemical and volume ch pany ceramization of the polymer during documented in several studies. For exam 42 ].…”