Do reading tests measure the same construct in multiethnic and multilingual older persons?

Cosentino, Stephanie; Manly, Jennifer J.; Mungas, Dan M

doi:10.1017/s1355617707070257

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Although incredibly complex, there are multiple possible explanatory factors that may account for this potentially unique risk, including HIV disease burden, sociocultural factors, and/or comorbid health disparities. In terms of HIV disease burden (eg, HIV duration, CD4 count, AIDS diagnosis, HIV viral load), compared to their non-Hispanic white counterparts, 4 However, the current study findings do not suggest that HIV disease burden was significantly associated with neurocognitive functioning among the older participants in this sample.In terms of sociocultural factors that are strongly associated with neurocognitive test performance (eg, quality of education, acculturation) among racial/ethnic minority populations (particularly Latina/os and African Americans), 13,20,21,37 these factors also did not figure prominently into the current findings regarding our older HIV-seropositive Latina/o participants. However, US Latina/os do suffer from additional health disparities beyond HIV (ie, higher rates of stroke, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension) 10,15 that may elevate their risk for HIV-related neurocognitive sequelae in the context of advanced age.…”

contrasting

confidence: 53%

“…19 Further, there is strong empirical support showing that performance on single word reading tests (such as WRAT-3 Reading subtest) is among the most valid estimates of quality of educational experience among multiethnic samples. 21 Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II)-The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) 22 was administered to evaluate depressive symptoms over the past two weeks. The BDI-II Fast Screen (BDI-II FS) score (based on 7 items of the BDI) was used in order to minimize the impact of the somatic complaints associated with the medical symptoms of HIV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

Mindt¹

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In recent years, HIV/AIDS populations have become older and increasingly more ethnically diverse. Concurrently, the prevalence of HIV-related neurocognitive (NC) impairment remains high. This study examined the effects of age and ethnicity on NC function in HIV-positive adults. The sample (N = 126; 84 Latina/o and 42 Non-Hispanic White) completed a comprehensive NC battery. Global NC and domain average demographically-corrected t-scores were generated. There were no significant differences between Younger (<50 years) Latina/os and non-Hispanic Whites on Global NC function or NC domains (all p's >.10), with generally small effect sizes. Older Latina/os (≥50 years) were significantly more impaired than Older Non-Hispanic Whites on Correspondence should be addressed to Monica Rivera Mindt, PhD, ABPP-CN, Fordham University, Department of Psychology-DE 322, New York, NY 10024, USA. riveramindt@fordham.edu. 2009. 3,4 Estimates suggest that these trends will continue, 4 and will contribute to the "graying of HIV." HHS Public AccessDespite advancements in treatment, recent research indicates that the prevalence of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to remain as high as 52%, similar to rates reported in the pre-cART era. 5 Emerging evidence further suggests that older PLWH may be at even higher risk for developing HAND, although this literature remains somewhat equivocal (Cherner et al., 2004;Valcour, 2004). 6,7 A number of factors may potentially confer increased risk of neurocognitive decline in older PLWH, including increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology, immunological changes, and expression of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), among others. 8 However, the potential interactions of aging and HIV disease remain poorly understood. 8The risk factors for neurocognitive decline are especially salient for older racial/ethnic minority PLWHA, and this remains an understudied and poorly understood area. Not only has the HIV/AIDS population become older overall, but this population has also become increasingly ethnically diverse. In the US, the Latina/o population is disproportionately impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Among people 50 years or older in the US, Latina/os are five times as likely as their white counterparts to be living with HIV, 3 and once infected, the HIV-seropositive Latina/o population carries greater disease burden compared to nonHispanic white adults. 9 For instance, HIV-seropositive Latina/o adults have a higher mortality rate, are more likely to die at significantly younger ages, and demonstrate significantly worse executive functioning (even after accounting for relevant covariates such as reading level which is a proxy for quality of education) compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. 10,11,12,13 The general US Latina/o population also suffers from myriad other health disparities, including higher rates of stroke, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. 10,14,15 Within an aging, HIV-seropositive, and ethnically diverse urban cohort similar to tha...

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contrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

Mindt¹

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Moreover, our use of years of formal education may not have been sensitive enough to reveal some differences in educational attainment between the 2 ethnic groups. 63,64 Some of the strengths of this study include the perfect matching of the 2 groups on clinical diagnosis, GDS rating, and gender; and the use of a neuropsychological battery that covered several areas of cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Prediction of Global Cognitive Status Among Older Spanish-Speaking Hispanics and English-Speaking Whites

Guerrero‐Berroa

Kluger

Schmeidler

et al. 2014

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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Background Neuropsychological and depression measures have been found to predict cognitive functioning. We compared these associations among whites and Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Methods Fifty-two pairs of whites and Hispanics were matched demographically and clinically in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) rating by baseline neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms. Results Neuropsychological tests predicted GDS better in whites; depression symptoms—specifically retardation—predicted well in Hispanics but not whites. Immediate recall of the New York University (NYU)-Paragraph Test and the Retardation item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were associated with GDS in Hispanics and delayed recall of the NYU-Paragraph Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Digit Symbol in whites. Neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms predicted GDS differently in Hispanics and whites. Discussion These results suggest that other measures should be considered to increase the predictive accuracy of neuropsychological tests when assessing cognitive status in Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Additional studies of specific ethnic/racial and sociodemographic subgroups are warranted.

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“…Age, 32,33 education, 32,34,35 and language 17 are well-known contributors to differential performance on such measures, whether directly, in combination, or reflecting the influence of other variables for which age, education, and language serve as proxies. The effects of ethnicity/race also contribute to performance differences on cognitive measures, although the extent of their contribution is variable.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Performance On the Mmse And Drs-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Performance on the MMSE and the DRS-2 Among American Indian Elders

Jervis

Fickenscher²,

Beals³

et al. 2010

JNP

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Little is known about factors that predict older American Indians' performance on cognitive tests. This study examined 137 American Indian elders' performance on the MMSE and the Dementia Rating Scale-Second Edition (DRS-2). Multivariate regression identified younger age, more education, not receiving Supplemental Security Income, and frequent receipt of needed health care as predictors of better performance on the MMSE. Better performance on the DRS-2 was predicted by more education, boarding school attendance, not receiving Supplemental Security Income, and frequent receipt of needed health care. This study points to the importance of economic and educational factors on cognitive test performance among American Indian elders.Despite a dramatic increase in American Indian life expectancy in recent years, 1 remarkably little is known about the nature and frequency of cognitive impairment among older American Indians. 2 Although a few studies have examined the utility of standard neuropsychological testing in this population, [3][4][5] little is known about the performance on common neurocognitive screening measures among American Indian elders. This gap is especially noteworthy since American Indians have high rates of several conditions that increase risk for poor cognitive functioning, such as alcohol abuse and addiction, 6-8 diabetes, 9,10 traumatic brain injury, 11,12 and overweight/obesity and cardiovascular disease. 13,14 Further, American Indians are disproportionately poor (28.4% compared with 12.4% of the U.S. general population), 15 and low socioeconomic status has been linked to several factors that might affect cognitive ability. These include pre-and postnatal Address correspondence to Lori L. Jervis, 2 Partners Place, 3100 Monitor Ave., Room 100, Norman, OK 73072-7805; lori.jervis@ou.edu. This constellation of factors suggests that American Indians may be at considerable risk for the development of cognitive disorders associated with aging. As the population of older American Indians continues to increase, so does the need to develop methods by which to identify cognitive impairment and its optimal assessment in this population. HHS Public Access American Indians, Dementia Prevalence, and Cognitive TestingA handful of small, non-population-based, empirical studies have examined dementia among American Indian and Canadian First Nations people. [3][4][5][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Overall, most studies of cognitive test performance to date typically have shown little difference between Native and non-Native samples, although most of these investigations have been conducted with relatively acculturated tribes, [3][4][5]22,25 With this in mind, our work examines performance on the MMSE and the DRS-2 in a community-dwelling American Indian sample. The goal was to investigate the predictors of differential performance on these assessment instruments in this culturally unique population, since it is likely that performance reflects factors other than neurocognitive disease alone. It was hypothes...

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Do reading tests measure the same construct in multiethnic and multilingual older persons?

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Prediction of Global Cognitive Status Among Older Spanish-Speaking Hispanics and English-Speaking Whites

Predictors of Performance on the MMSE and the DRS-2 Among American Indian Elders

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