2015
DOI: 10.1007/s40037-015-0225-5
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Do research findings on schema-based instruction translate to the classroom?

Abstract: IntroductionSchema-based instruction has been shown to improve diagnostic performance and reduce cognitive load. However, to date, this has only been studied in controlled research settings. More distractions in classrooms may limit generalizability to real-world settings. We evaluated whether schema-based instruction would maintain its effects on cognitive load optimization and performance in a classroom.MethodsFocused on the approach of interpreting cardiac auscultation findings, 101 first-year medical stude… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Eight randomized studies (14%) (including 664 participants providing data) investigated the content of instruction (the interpretation process or approach that was taught) instead of, or in addition to, the instructional intervention (instructional modality or instructional method). 58–65 Overall, these studies can be viewed as comparing more versus less systematic approaches, including (1) cognitively effective schema-based approaches (e.g., expert-generated schema, 58 checklist 60,61,65 ) versus systematic but nonschematic approaches, 58,60,61,65 (2) algorithm-based schemas (e.g., concept map, 59 algorithmic approach of rate and rhythm 64 ) versus “traditional” approaches (e.g., didactic PowerPoint presentation 59,63,64 ), and (3) nonspecific systematic approaches (e.g., step-by-step analytic sequence 60 ) versus other approaches (e.g., memorization of a disease-specific graphic 62 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Eight randomized studies (14%) (including 664 participants providing data) investigated the content of instruction (the interpretation process or approach that was taught) instead of, or in addition to, the instructional intervention (instructional modality or instructional method). 58–65 Overall, these studies can be viewed as comparing more versus less systematic approaches, including (1) cognitively effective schema-based approaches (e.g., expert-generated schema, 58 checklist 60,61,65 ) versus systematic but nonschematic approaches, 58,60,61,65 (2) algorithm-based schemas (e.g., concept map, 59 algorithmic approach of rate and rhythm 64 ) versus “traditional” approaches (e.g., didactic PowerPoint presentation 59,63,64 ), and (3) nonspecific systematic approaches (e.g., step-by-step analytic sequence 60 ) versus other approaches (e.g., memorization of a disease-specific graphic 62 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We found large inconsistency among studies, with individual SMDs ranging from 0.02 to 1.80, and I 2 = 88%. In post hoc subgroup analysis, the 4 studies involving medical students (pooled SMD 0.88 [95% CI, 0.20, 1.56]; I 2 = 92%) 58,59,62,64 and the 4 studies involving residents and practicing physicians (pooled SMD 0.96 [95% CI, 0.27, 1.65]; I 2 = 86%) 60,61,63,65 showed similar effects ( P interaction = .88). The Egger asymmetry test suggested possible bias ( P = .06); trim-and-fill analyses and exclusion of outlier studies yielded a lower pooled effect size of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.37, 0.93).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hybrid schemes were adapted from our previous work . The terminally branching schemes were based on the hybrid schemes.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hybrid schemes were adapted from our previous work. 9,18 The terminally branching schemes were based on the hybrid schemes. While creating the terminally branching schemes, choices had to be made about which variables to prioritise on the terminally branching schemes.…”
Section: Diagnostic Schemesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In creating a structured and more manageable approach to problem solving, schemas reduce the cognitive load and provide increased bandwidth for more effective reasoning. 4 In this case, the discussant is faced with a challenging diagnostic scenario: an elderly man from Vietnam with prolonged fevers, jaundice, and early satiety. While this PR raises a range of diagnostic possibilities, it does not immediately clinch an obvious explanatory diagnosis.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%