“…It is nevertheless clear from multiple papers that children and young people in institutional care experience negative outcomes or are at a disadvantage compared with their peers living in ‘family‐based’ care environments (such as foster care or formal/informal kinship care) or birth families. This disadvantage was measured in relation to a variety of domains, including behavioural (Humphreys et al 2018; MacKenzie et al, 2017; Nsabimana et al, 2019; Troller‐Renfree et al, 2016), socio‐emotional (Almas et al, 2015; Batki, 2018; Bick et al, 2017; Jaramillo et al, 2016; Mota et al, 2016; Perego et al, 2016; Sherr et al, 2017; Troller‐Renfree et al, 2015), psychological (Almas et al, 2016; Barone et al, 2016; Deambrosio et al, 2017; Humphreys et al 2018; Kennedy et al, 2016; Mota et al, 2017; Rakhlin et al, 2017; Rodrigues et al, 2019; Sherr et al, 2017; Troller‐Renfree et al, 2018; Wade et al, 2018) and medical (Perego et al, 2016; Slopen et al, 2019). Too few studies compared noninstitutional residential care to other settings, to understand if these disadvantages also arise in such residential settings.…”