Do Smokers of Menthol Cigarettes Find It Harder to Quit Smoking?

Foulds, Jonathan; Hooper, Monica Webb; Pletcher, Mark J.; Okuyemi, Kolawole S.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq166

Cited by 85 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…67,68 For example, lower SES smokers might use mentholated cigarettes "to facilitate increased nicotine intake from fewer cigarettes where economic pressure restricts the number of cigarettes smokers can afford to purchase." 69 It is also possible that efforts to quit are undermined by erroneous beliefs that menthol cigarettes are less dangerous than nonmentholated brands. [70][71][72] At the environmental level, African American smokers are less likely than white smokers to have total bans on smoking in their homes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Kulak¹,

Cornelius²,

Fong³

et al. 2016

NICTOB

110

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Results: Of 17 total analyses of quit attempts, nine (including the ITC US Survey) observed that African American smokers were more likely than whites to attempt to quit during a given year; seven found no differences. Whites were more likely than African Americans to be abstinent in five of six retrospective cohort analyses and in two of five considered community-and population-based cohort studies. Four of these 11 analyses, including one from the ITC US Survey, found no differences. Conclusions: Of 11 population-or community-based analyses, all seven that found significant differences indicated that whites were more likely to quit than African Americans. These findings, combined with the similar results from population-based birth cohort analyses, support the conclusion that white smokers are more likely to quit than African American smokers. Efforts to encourage and support quitting among all tobacco users remain a priority. Implications: This article provides a review of the literature on smoking cessation among African American and white smokers, and adds new analyses that compare quit attempts and abstinence between US African Americans and whites. Results demonstrate a clear distinction between the findings of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies with those of cohort studies. Reasons for these differences merit further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Kulak¹,

Cornelius²,

Fong³

et al. 2016

NICTOB

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these factors can actually occur by class and structural inequalities (Institute of Medicine, 1999;2003a;2003b;Viswanath et al, 2012). Diagnosis of smoking-related diseases and obesity is prevalent in the African American Communities and low SES groups (ACS, 2009;Foulds et al, 2010;Colditz et al, 2012). Therefore, cancer incidence rate or mortality rate has a high possibility for slow improvement.…”

Section: Cancer Disparities and Communication Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Control and the Communication Innovation in South Korea: Implications for Cancer Disparities

Jung

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Over the last 10 years, the number of cancer survivors in South Korea has reached nearly one million with a survival rate of 49.4%. However, integrated supportive care for cancer survivors is lagging. One area in which the current cancer control policy needs updating is in the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT). The remarkable progress in the field of ICT over the past 10 years presents exciting new opportunities for health promotion. Recent communication innovations are conducive to the exchange of meta-information, giving rise to a new service area and transforming patients into active medical consumers. Consequently, such innovations encourage active participation in the mutual utilization and sharing of high-quality information. However, these benefits from new ICTs will almost certainly not be equally available to all, leading to so-called communication inequalities where cancer survivors from lower socioeconomic classes will likely have more limited access to the best means of making use of the health information. Therefore, most essentially, emphasis must be placed on helping cancer survivors and their caregivers utilize such advances in ICT to create a more efficient flow of health information, thereby reducing communication inequalities and expanding social support. Once we enhance access to health information and better manage the quality of information, as a matter of fact, we can expect an alleviation of the health inequalities faced by cancer survivors.

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“…In addition, the results showed that menthol did not affect the physiological exposure to tobacco smoke constituents, including nicotine, but indicated that menthol might inhibit the detoxification of the potent lung carcinogen, 4-(Nnitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). In 2010, FOULDS et al (334) reviewed the open literature on the use of menthol cigarettes and the effectiveness of quitting smoking. They concluded that there was growing evidence that certain subgroups of smokers found it harder quitting menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes.…”

Section: Mentholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

Klus¹,

Scherer²,

Müller

2012

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Tobacco additives play an important role in the manufacturing and for the quality of tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and roll-your-own tobaccos. Attention is increasingly given to the potential effects of additives on consumer behavior and health. This review is intended to compile, collate and - to some degree - evaluate the wealth of pertinent scientific information available from the published literature and other special sources. At first, the reasons are set forth for the use of additives in cigarette manufacturing. In response to the growing controversy over the attractiveness and addictiveness of smoking, the clarification of terms and concepts is followed by a detailed discussion of two kinds of substances with particular relevance: Additives like ammonium compounds that are claimed to increase nicotine availability, and additives that are claimed to increase nicotine addictiveness.The composition and toxicity of mainstream smoke of cigarettes with and without additives are assessed in several respects. The potentials of pyrolysis studies are explored by looking at a number of key studies and some basic considerations regarding in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing are addressed. Five major literature reviews on additives published between 1994 and 2004, and the results of several comprehensive experimental studies covering a large range of additives, released between 2002 and 2012, are dealt with in detail. Single tobacco additives of particular importance (menthol, glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol, sorbitol, sugars, cocoa, licorice, citric acid, triacetin, and ammonium compounds) are discussed in dedicated chapters, which are generally subdivided into special sections: Use and toxicological assessment; inclusion level in cigarettes, transfer and pyrolysis; attractiveness and addictiveness; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke composition; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke toxicity. Epidemiological findings and data obtained by the biomonitoring of smokers consuming cigarettes with and without additives are compiled and interpreted specifically for American blend cigarettes, Virginia cigarettes, “French” (dark) cigarettes and menthol cigarettes whereby the focus is on the effects of additives on smoking topography and potential health risks.Opinionated reviews were published in recent years that are compromised by arbitrary selection of sources and unbalanced views. Leaving those unconsidered, the aggregated scientific knowledge shows that tobacco additives have only occasional and limited effects on cigarette mainstream smoke composition, which are almost never reflected in the results of toxicological in vitro assays or in vivo studies. This supports the conclusion that tobacco additives are not likely to increase the known health risks of smoking. There is also no evidence for sustaining claims that certain additives increase nicotine availability or nicotine addictiveness.

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Do Smokers of Menthol Cigarettes Find It Harder to Quit Smoking?

Cited by 85 publications

References 26 publications

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Cancer Control and the Communication Innovation in South Korea: Implications for Cancer Disparities

Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

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