Do Southeast Asia's paleo‐Antarctic trees cool the planet?

Wilf, Peter; Kooyman, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/nph.19067

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 138 publications

(263 reference statements)

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“…Glacial refuges play a crucial role in the long‐term survival and dynamics of living organisms (Tzedakis et al, 2002 ). The complex topography and heterogeneous environments of the Qinling‐Huaihe Line region in China and the thermal stability and slow biological turnover of Peninsular Malaysia East offer significant opportunities for long‐term species formation and persistence of ECM fungi (Liu et al, 2022 ; Wilf & Kooyman, 2023 ). Both regions are projected to serve as refuges for the northward and southward movements of C. geophilum in response to climatic oscillations during the glacial period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model

Zheng,

Yuan,

Matsushita

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Cenococcum geophilum (C. geophilum) is a widely distributed ectomycorrhizal fungus that plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems worldwide. However, the specific ecological factors influencing its global distribution and how climate change will affect its range are still relatively unknown. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model optimized with the kuenm package to simulate changes in the distribution pattern of C. geophilum from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future based on 164 global distribution records and 17 environmental variables and investigated the key environmental factors influencing its distribution. We employed the optimal parameter combination of RM = 4 and FC = QPH, resulting in a highly accurate predictive model. Our study clearly shows that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and annual precipitation are the key environmental factors influencing the suitable habitats of C. geophilum. Currently, appropriate habitats of C. geophilum are mainly distributed in eastern Asia, west‐central Europe, the western seaboard and eastern regions of North America, and southeastern Australia, covering a total area of approximately 36,578,300 km2 globally. During the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid‐Holocene, C. geophilum had a much smaller distribution area, being mainly concentrated in the Qinling‐Huaihe Line region of China and eastern Peninsular Malaysia. As global warming continues, the future suitable habitat for C. geophilum is projected to shift northward, leading to an expected expansion of the suitable area from 9.21% to 21.02%. This study provides a theoretical foundation for global conservation efforts and biogeographic understanding of C. geophilum, offering new insights into its distribution patterns and evolutionary trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model

Zheng,

Yuan,

Matsushita

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range‐size patterns for Malesian flora

Whitman,

Russo

2024

Ecography

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Our goal was to interrogate the idea that “mountain passes are higher in the tropics” by investigating ecological and biogeographic drivers of elevational range‐sizes patterns among equatorial flora. We used herbarium records for 60 species‐rich plant families, representing 18 535 species total, to estimate distributions over a 4500 m elevational gradient. For each family, we estimated the change in average range‐sizes with increasing elevation (i.e. Rapoport's rule, abbreviated as ERR) and quantified 15 metrics of familial richness distribution, evolutionary age, and biogeographic affiliation. We visualized covariation across families using phylogenetic principal components analysis (pPCA). We then evaluated how family‐level ERR slopes correlated with each metric individually, as well as when using multivariate techniques to reduce dimensionality. We hypothesized that if long term climate stability over millions of years promotes habitat specialization, then among taxa with longer‐term tropical affiliations, we would expect smaller range‐sizes within lowland forests, with greater range‐size expansion towards higher elevations, expressed as a positive ERR slope. Conversely, variation in growing conditions should promote larger, relatively consistent, range‐sizes at all sections of an elevational gradient, expressed as a neutral ERR slope. Our results support this corollary because of the dichotomy of ERR slopes observed in relation to the elevational distribution of richness and historical biogeographic positioning. We found that families with greater Sundaland endemism, or richness that was restricted to tropical lowland forests, had positive ERR slopes. Families with stronger Sahul affiliation, or montane centered richness, had shallower, neutral, or negative ERR slopes, as did clades with temperate origins. Families with Wallacea affiliation, broader latitudinal or elevational distributions, cosmopolitanism, greater richness, or older evolutionary age had mixed results. We conclude that the relative steepness of an ERR slope is an indicator of a taxonomic group's tolerance of habitat variation and vulnerability to contemporary climate change.

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Putative Celtis Leaves from Eocene Patagonia are Allied with Asian Anacardiaceae

Wilf,

González,

Gandolfo

et al. 2024

Ameghiniana

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The most common macrofossils in the highly diverse flora from Laguna del Hunco (early Eocene of Chubut, Argentina) are “Celtis” ameghinoi leaves, whose true affinities have remained enigmatic for a century. The species accounts for 14% of all plant fossils in unbiased field counts and bears diverse insect-feeding damage, suggesting high biomass and paleoecological importance. The leaves have well-preserved architecture but lack cuticles or reproductive attachments. We find that the fossils only superficially resemble Celtis and comparable taxa in Cannabaceae, Ulmaceae, Rhamnaceae, Malvaceae, and many other families. However, the distinctive foliar morphology conforms in detail to Dobinea (Anacardiaceae), a genus with two species of shrubs and large herbs ranging from India’s Far East and Tibet to Myanmar and central China, and we propose Dobineaites ameghinoi (E.W. berry) gen et. comb. nov. for the fossils. This discovery strengthens the extensive biogeographic links between Eocene Patagonia and mainland Asia, provides the first fossil record related to Dobinea, and represents a rare Gondwanan macrofossil occurrence of Anacardiaceae, which was widespread and diversified in the Northern Hemisphere at the time. The diverse leaf architecture of Anacardiaceae includes several patterns usually associated with other taxa, and many other leaf fossils in this family may remain misidentified.

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Do Southeast Asia's paleo‐Antarctic trees cool the planet?

Cited by 3 publications

References 138 publications

Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model

Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model

Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range‐size patterns for Malesian flora

Putative Celtis Leaves from Eocene Patagonia are Allied with Asian Anacardiaceae

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