Do stress hormones connect environmental effects with behavior in the forced swim test?

Pintér, Ottó; Domokos, Ágnes; Mergl, Zsuzsa; Mikics, Éva; Zelena, Dóra

doi:10.1507/endocrj.k10e-375

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although imipramine markedly suppressed ACTH responsiveness, it only mildly decreased corticosterone levels. This finding is similar to a recent study by Pinter and colleagues (2011). Overall, the data presented here support a stress dampening effect of imipramine, likely at the level of the brain and pituitary to effectively curtail elevated CRH and ACTH secretion, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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The selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT 108297 decreases neuroendocrine stress responses and immobility in the forced swim test

Solomon

Wulsin

Rice³

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

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Pre-clinical and clinical studies have employed treatment with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists in an attempt to limit the deleterious behavioral and physiological effects of excess glucocorticoids. Here, we examined the effects of GR antagonists on neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses, using two compounds: mifepristone, a GR antagonist that is also a progesterone receptor antagonist, and CORT 108297, a specific GR antagonist lacking anti-progestin activity. Given its well-documented impact on neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses, imipramine (tricyclic antidepressant) served as a positive control. Male rats were treated for five days with mifepristone (10 mg/kg), CORT 108297 (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg), imipramine (10mg/kg) or vehicle and exposed to forced swim test (FST) or restraint stress. Relative to vehicle, imipramine potently suppressed adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) responses to FST and restraint exposure. Imipramine also decreased immobility in the FST, consistent with antidepressant actions. Both doses of CORT 108297 potently suppressed peak corticosterone responses to FST and restraint stress. However, only the higher dose of CORT 108297 (60mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility in the FST. In contrast, mifepristone induced protracted secretion of corticosterone in response to both stressors, and modestly decreased immobility in the FST. Taken together, the data indicate distinct effects of each compound on neuroendocrine stress responses and also highlight dissociation between corticosterone responses and immobility in the FST. Within the context of the present study, our data suggest CORT 108297 may be an attractive alternative for mitigating neuroendocrine and behavioral states associated with excess glucocorticoid secretion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Importantly, our positive control (imipramine) was effective in decreasing immobility in the FST, a finding that validates the sensitivity of our FST procedure and is consistent with previous findings (Morley-Fletcher et al, 2004; Wulsin et al, 2010; Pinter et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT 108297 decreases neuroendocrine stress responses and immobility in the forced swim test

Solomon

Wulsin

Rice³

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Here we found that physical restraint led to increased plasma corticosterone in vehicle-treated animals as compared to NST animals tested in the OFT. By contrast, no effect of physical restraint was detected in animals subsequently subjected to the FST, suggesting that the FST represents a stressor sufficient to enhance corticosterone release, consistent with other reports (Pintér et al 2011 ;Rittenhouse et al 2002). All drug treatments were able to counteract corticosterone increase following stressor procedures, except citalopram, which induced a further increase of corticosterone in the OFT-STR group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Behavioural and neurochemical changes induced by stress-related conditions are counteracted by the neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist saredutant

Tamburella

Leggio

Micale

et al. 2013

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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These experiments were undertaken to assess the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of the neurokinin-2 (NK(2)) receptor antagonist saredutant (SR48968) in rats tested in the forced swim test (FST), by analysing hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plasma corticosterone [as index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity]. Male Wistar rats received three intraperitoneal injections over 24 h of vehicle, saredutant (5 mg/kg), citalopram (15 mg/kg), clomipramine (50 mg/kg). Rats were subjected to restraint stress (4 h) 24 h prior to the FST procedure. This stress procedure increased immobility and decreased swimming behaviour in the FST; furthermore, it lowered hippocampal BDNF protein expression and increased plasma corticosterone levels. Saredutant and clomipramine or citalopram, used here as positive controls, reduced the immobility time in the FST both under basal conditions and after stress exposure. This effect was not attributable to changes in locomotion, because locomotor activity was unchanged when assessed in the open field test. Pretreatment with para-cholorophenylalanine (150 mg/kg, 72 h and 48 h prior to FST) abolished the effect of citalopram and saredutant on immobility time. At neurochemical level, saredutant attenuated activation of HPA axis in stressed animals more than clomipramine or citalopram. The behavioural effects of saredutant support the hypothesis that NK(2) receptor activity is involved in stress-related disorders. These effects of saredutant may be related to normalization of the HPA axis. Moreover, saredutant increases BDNF expression in the hippocampus, confirming the role of NK(2) receptor blockade in BDNF activation following stressor application.

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“…In the present study di/di dams presented a more active coping behavior in front of stressful situations as measured by an increase in escape behavior (struggling) in the FST (Armario et al, 1988;Marti and Armario, 1993;Pinter et al, 2011). As in its traditional form FST was unreliable in the detection of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Cryan et al, 2005), some modification was introduced (like increased water depth), and in this case struggling and swimming and not floating were considered as the most important parameters (Dimitsantos et al, 2007;Wigger and Neumann, 1999).…”

Section: Anxiety-and Depression-like Changesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Maternal neglect with reduced depressive-like behavior and blunted c-fos activation in Brattleboro mothers, the role of central vasopressin

Fodor

Klausz

Pintér

et al. 2012

Hormones and Behavior

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Do stress hormones connect environmental effects with behavior in the forced swim test?

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

The selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT 108297 decreases neuroendocrine stress responses and immobility in the forced swim test

The selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT 108297 decreases neuroendocrine stress responses and immobility in the forced swim test

Behavioural and neurochemical changes induced by stress-related conditions are counteracted by the neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist saredutant

Maternal neglect with reduced depressive-like behavior and blunted c-fos activation in Brattleboro mothers, the role of central vasopressin

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