Do the Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity hamper the use of the developed universal vaccines in Morocco?

Laamarti, Meriem; Essabbar, Abdelomunim; Alouane, Tarek; Kartti, Souad; Bendani, Houda; Boumajdi, Nasma; Laamarti, Rokia; Allam, Loubna; Ouadghiri, Mouna; Chemao-Elfihri, Mohammed Walid; Ghrifi, Fatima; Smyej, Imane; Rahoui, Jalila; Benrahma, Houda; Diawara, Idrissa; Aanniz, Tarik; Hafidi, Naïma El; Jaoudi, Rachid El; Nejjari, Chakib; Amzazi, Saaïd; Mentag, Rachid; Belyamani, Lahcen; Ibrahimi, Azeddine

doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.181123

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This mutation appeared in all MENA countries, except in Qatar and Iran, which might be related to the low number of sequences from these two countries that were found in GISAID, and the early time of sequence collection (less than 10 sequences from each country were found, dating back to March, 2020). The emergence of D614G and its increasing prevalence have been reported by several published papers and preprints including a report from North Africa by Laamarti et al., albeit with a fewer number of sequences than the one analyzed in the current study ( Gong et al., 2020 ; Kim et al., 2020b ; Laamarti et al., 2020 ; Maitra et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa

Sallam¹,

Ababneh²,

Dababseh³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Background: Phylogeny construction can help to reveal evolutionary relatedness among molecular sequences. The spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 is the subject of an immune selective pressure which increases the variability in such region. This study aimed to identify mutations in the S gene among SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), focusing on the D614G mutation, that has a presumed fitness advantage. Another aim was to analyze the S gene sequences phylogenetically. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 S gene sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from the GISAID public database, together with its metadata. Mutation analysis was conducted in Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software. Phylogenetic analysis was done using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. Result: A total of 553 MENA sequences were analyzed and the most frequent S gene mutations included: D614G ¼ 435, Q677H ¼ 8, and V6F ¼ 5. A significant increase in the proportion of D614G was noticed from (63.0%) in February 2020, to (98.5%) in June 2020 (p < 0.001). Two large phylogenetic clusters were identified via ML analysis, which showed an evidence of inter-country mixing of sequences, which dated back to February 8, 2020 and March 15, 2020 (median estimates). The mean evolutionary rate for SARS-CoV-2 was about 6.5 Â 10 À3 substitutions/site/year based on large clusters' Bayesian analyses. Conclusions: The D614G mutation appeared to be taking over the COVID-19 infections in the MENA. Bayesian analysis suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might have been circulating in MENA earlier than previously reported.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa

Sallam¹,

Ababneh²,

Dababseh³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The emergence of D614G and its increasing prevalence have been reported by several published papers and preprints including a report from North Africa by Laamarti et al, albeit with a fewer number of sequences than the one analyzed in the current study (Gong et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020b;Laamarti et al, 2020;Maitra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Temporal Increase in D614G Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa: Phylogenetic and Mutation Analysis Study

Sallam¹,

Ababneh

Dababseh³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phylogeny construction can help to reveal evolutionary relatedness among molecular sequences. The spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 is the subject of an immune selective pressure which increases the variability in such region. This study aimed to identify mutations in the S gene among SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), focusing on the D614G mutation, that has a presumed fitness advantage. Another aim was to analyze the S gene sequences phylogenetically. The SARS-CoV-2 S gene sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from the GISAID public database, together with its metadata. Mutation analysis was conducted in Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software. Phylogenetic analysis was done using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. A total of 553 MENA sequences were analyzed and the most frequent S gene mutations included: D614G=435, Q677H=8, and V6F=5. A significant increase in the proportion of D614G was noticed from (63.0%) in February 2020, to (98.5%) in June 2020 (p<0.001). Two large phylogenetic clusters were identified via ML analysis, which showed an evidence of inter-country mixing of sequences, which dated back to February 8, 2020 and March 15, 2020 (median estimates). The mean evolutionary rate for SARS-CoV-2 was about 6.5 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year based on large clusters’ Bayesian analyses. The D614G mutation appeared to be taking over the COVID-19 infections in the MENA. Bayesian analysis suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might have been circulating in MENA earlier than previously reported.

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“…The first confirmed imported case in Tunisia (a Tunisian returning from Italy [3]) was identified on 2nd March 2020.The first locally infected cases were diagnosed on 9th March, 2020, indicating clear horizontal transmission. The whole SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing of two Tunisian patients reveals a genotype similar to the European and American strains [4,5]. As of August 2020, 3206 patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tunisia representing 27.1 cases per 100,000 habitants (www.covid-19.tn).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, onset, and evolution of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Background A wide range of neurological manifestations has been described in COVID-19. Methods In this nationwide retrospective observational study, patients in Tunisia diagnosed with COVID-19 between the 2nd of March and the 16th of May 2020 were contacted by telephone. We collected demographic and clinical data and specified characteristics and evolution of main neurological symptoms. Results Of 1034 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 646 were included (mean age 42.17 years old) and 466 (72.1%) had neurological symptoms. Neurological symptoms were isolated 22.7% ( n = 106). Headache was the most frequent neurological symptom ( n = 279, 41.1%): mainly frontotemporal ( n = 143, 51.1%) and mild or moderate ( n = 165, 59.1%). When associated with fever ( n = 143, 51.3%), headache was more likely to be severe and present at onset. Recovery was reported in 83.2%. Smell and taste impairment were found in 37.9% ( n = 245) and 36.8% ( n = 238) respectively. Among them, 65.3% (156/239) were anosmic and 63.2% (146/231) were ageusic. A complete improvement was found in 72.1% (174/240) of smell impairment and in 76.8% (179/233) of taste impairment. Myalgia ( n = 241, 37.3%) and sleep disturbances ( n = 241, 37.3%) were also frequent. Imported cases had more neurological symptoms ( p = 0.001). In 14.5%, neurological symptoms preceded the respiratory signs (RS). RS were associated with more frequent ( p = 0.006) and numerous ( p < 0.001) neurological symptoms. Conclusions Neurological symptoms in COVID-19 are frequent, can be isolated and present at onset. A total recovery is the most recorded outcome. RS are predictive of neurological symptoms. Studies in to virus and host genetics should be considered to understand the different phenotypes.

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Do the Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity hamper the use of the developed universal vaccines in Morocco?

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa

Temporal increase in D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa

Temporal Increase in D614G Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Middle East and North Africa: Phylogenetic and Mutation Analysis Study

Characteristics, onset, and evolution of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19

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