Do They Even Care? Measuring Instructor Value of Student Privacy in the Context of Learning Analytics

Jones, Kyle M. L.; VanScoy, Amy; Bright, Kawanna; Harding, Alison

doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.185

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…LA has similarly been defined as a sociotechnical practice , in which the protection of student privacy in education is central. Student privacy is not a new concern in LA Pardo & Siemens, 2014;Prinsloo & Slade, 2015) but there are still gaps that must be addressed, including the need to conceptualize the privacy concept in the LA setting (e.g., Jones et al, 2021).…”

Section: Defining Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this privacy-as-control approach, Jones (2019) further argued that privacy as control of personal information is autonomy promoting, and that students should be informed about these information flows and to what ends their institution is using them. Jones et al (2021) recently offered a similar approach to privacy -information control, or controlling the information generated about themselves.…”

Section: How Do Definitions Of Privacy In Learning Analytics Relate T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is essential to note that in the studies examined, contextual integrity is not proposed as a full definition of privacy (Drachsler & Greller, 2016), but rather as a framework for evaluating the flow of information between agents (individuals and other entities) with a particular emphasis on explaining why specific patterns of flow provoke public outcry in the name of privacy (Drachsler & Greller, 2016). Finally, Jones et al (2021) underline the contextual dimension of privacy, among others (i.e., personal privacy, relational privacy, information access, intellectual privacy), and provide the following explanation: "[p]rivacy determines the flow of information (e.g., access, re-use, disclosure) about me [an individual] in a given context" (e.g., healthcare, education; p. 1533).…”

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Privacy in the LA setting has also been recently explained in terms of intellectual privacy (e.g., Jones, 2019;Jones & VanScoy, 2019;Jones et al, 2021), grounded in Richards's (2015) conceptualization of intellectual privacy that stresses that our ideas and values keep pace with our technologies. Based on this understanding, Jones et al (2021) define intellectual privacy as protection when one is doing intellectual activities such as searching for information, writing, and thinking. Aiming to understand how instructors discuss student data and information privacy, Jones and VanScoy (2019) argue that in education, privacy plays an important role in such processes as contemplation, idea generation, and speech acts expressing individual thoughts and beliefs.…”

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Privacy in LA Research

2022

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Protection of student privacy is critical for scaling up the use of learning analytics (LA) in education. Poorly implemented frameworks for privacy protection may negatively impact LA outcomes and undermine trust in the discipline. To design and implement models and tools for privacy protection, we need to understand privacy itself. To develop better understanding and build ground for developing tools and models for privacy protection, this paper examines how privacy hitherto has been defined by LA scholars, and how those definitions relate to the established approaches to define privacy. We conducted a scoping review of 59 articles focused on privacy in LA. In most of these studies (74%), privacy was not defined at all; 6% defined privacy as a right, 11% as a state, 15% as control, and 16% used other approaches to explain privacy in LA. The results suggest a need to define privacy in LA to be able to enact a responsible approach to the use of student data for analysis and decision-making.

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Section: Defining Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Do Definitions Of Privacy In Learning Analytics Relate T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are There Other Approaches Specific To Learning Analytics To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Privacy in LA Research

2022

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Privacy governance not included: analysis of third parties in learning management systems

Sanfilippo,

Apthorpe,

Brehm

et al. 2023

ILS

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Purpose This paper aims to address research gaps around third party data flows in education by investigating governance practices in higher education with respect to learning management system (LMS) ecosystems. The authors answer the following research questions: how are LMS and plugins/learning tools interoperability (LTI) governed at higher education institutions? Who is responsible for data governance activities around LMS? What is the current state of governance over LMS? What is the current state of governance over LMS plugins, LTI, etc.? What governance issues are unresolved in this domain? How are issues of privacy and governance regarding LMS and plugins/LTIs documented or communicated to the public and/or community members? Design/methodology/approach This study involved three components: (1) An online questionnaire about LMS, plugin and LTI governance practices from information technology professionals at seven universities in the USA (n = 4) and Canada (n = 3). The responses from these individuals helped us frame and design the interview schedule. (2) A review of public data from 112 universities about LMS plugin and LTI governance. Eighteen of these universities provide additional documentation, which we analyze in further depth. (3) A series of extensive interviews with 25 university data governance officers with responsibilities for LMS, plugin and/or LTI governance, representing 14 different universities. Findings The results indicate a portrait of fragmented and unobtrusive, unnoticed student information flows to third parties. From coordination problems on individual college campuses to disparate distributions of authority across campuses, as well as from significant data collection via individual LTIs to a shared problem of scope across many LTIs, the authors see that increased and intentional governance is needed to improve the state of student privacy and provide transparency in the complex environment around LMSs. Yet, the authors also see that there are logical paths forward based on successful governance and leveraging existing collaborative networks among data governance professionals in higher education. Originality/value Substantial prior work has examined issues of privacy in the education context, although little research has directly examined higher education institutions’ governance practices of LMS, plugin and LTI ecosystems. The tight integration of first and third-party tools in this ecosystem raises concerns that student data may be accessed and shared without sufficient transparency or oversight and in violation of established education privacy norms. However, these technologies and the university governance practices that could check inappropriate data handling remain under-scrutinized. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the governance practices of higher education institutions with respect to LMS ecosystems.

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Discovering Privacy Harms from Education Technology by Analyzing User Reviews

Yang,

Hasan

2023

Proceedings of the 23rd Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

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Do They Even Care? Measuring Instructor Value of Student Privacy in the Context of Learning Analytics

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Privacy in LA Research

Privacy in LA Research

Privacy governance not included: analysis of third parties in learning management systems

Discovering Privacy Harms from Education Technology by Analyzing User Reviews

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