Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?

Suchowilska, Elżbieta; Wiwart, Marian; Krska, Rudolf; Kandler, Wolfgang

doi:10.3390/agronomy10010043

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Analysis of 5Вq and 5Dq revealed that 5Вq is a pseudogene which codes the complete protein, but takes part in regulation of expression of 5АQ and 5Dq, and combination of 5АQ, 5Вq and 5Dq loci is important for the formation of the ear with free threshing (Konopatskaia et al, 2016). Also, it is possible that in this process a role is also played by regulatory genes which control the expression of dozens of genes, since only single mutation in their sequence could lead to significant changes in phenotype (Suchowilska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increasing demand for food products of high quality, the yield continues to be the main determining indicator of profitability of production of grain crops. The recently created highly-productive varieties are often characterized by insufficient quality due to the low content of pro-teins and minerals in the grain (Sharma et al, 2016;Suchowilska et al, 2020). Chasing fast improvement of the genetic potential of yield has led to cultivation of mostly Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of remote hybridization with participation of parents with different sets of alleles, not only interspecies transfer of genes is possible, but emergence of a different type of micromutation, which in some cases can be useful for selective breeding (Hlebova & Baryisheva, 2016). The presence of genome composition homologous to T. aestivum (АuBD) and inherently determined agriculturally valuable traits (modest requirements in terms of agricultural conditions, clearly expressed positive reaction to nitrogen nutrition, high content of protein in the grain) makes allohexaploid species of spelta wheat (T. spelta) valuable as a source of genetic improvement of the quality of soft wheat (Guzman et al, 2016;Rap et al, 2017;Deordiieva et al, 2018;Suchowilska et al, 2020). Hybrids of T. aestivum and T. spelta could become an interesting alternative way of eliminating unfavourable qualities of spelta and improvement of the nutritive value of bread wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analysis of morphological traits of the spike and reproductivity elements of speltoid chemomutant Triticum aestivum

Yakymchuk

Sobolenko

Сорокіна

2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Long use of the methods of direct intraspecies hybridization in the selective breeding of varieties of Triticum aestivum L. has led to narrowing of their gene fund and close similarity of the genetic potential of their selective breeding traits. Using the method of experimental mutagenesis, one can induce systemic mutants with features of other hexaploid Triticum species which can freely cross-breed with other hybridization offspring, contributing to extension of genetic potential of cultivated wheat and creation of varieties with new levels of manifestation of economically beneficial traits. We studied the pattern of inheritance of morphological traits of the ear, length of the stem and the elements of productivity of speltoid chemomutant of T. aestivum. For the genetic analysis we used hybrids F1 and F2 of soft wheat obtained by cross-breeding speltoid macromutant (Smuhlianka speltoid), induced by the impact of aqueous solution of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) in the concentration of 0.025% on the seeds of Smuhlianka variety, with plants of Smuhlianka variety (Erythrospermum variety) and Podoloanka (Lutescens variety). To determine the pattern of inheritance the spike morphology, length of the stem and the elements of productivity in F1 hybrids, we calculated the extent of phenotype domination. In populations of F2, we examined plants with different combinations of phenotype manifestation of ear morphology. In F1 hybrids, the speltoid shape of the ear, absence of awns and red colour of the glumes indicated the dominant pattern of inheritance. The high level of phenotype domination of length of the stem and ear, number of spikelets in the main ear indicates the inheritance of the features according to intermediate, partly dominant and over-dominant types. Taking into account the segregation according to the features of spike morphology, awnedness and colour of glumes, the plants of F2 population were divided into phenotype classes, that is 12 and 6 in the combinations of respectively Smuhlianka speltoid × Smuhlianka and Smuhlianka speltoid × Podolianka. We determined that the obtained results are the consequences of dihybrid linkage which corresponds to the theoretical proportion of 12 : 3 : 1. Segregation into non-aristate and aristate plants corresponds to the proportion of monogene segregation of 3 : 1. Within separately distinguished phenotype classes, no independent inheritance of the shape of the ear and awnedness was observed. Dihybrid segregation of F2 plants into speltoid, squarehead and varieties Lutescence/Erythrospermum with quantitative superiority of speltoid plants suggests the control of the trait by two non-allele genes with epistatic interaction. The red colour of the glumes indicates the dominant monogenic pattern of inheritance. Absence of independent inheritance of the shape of the ear and awnedness indicates localization of genes which determine these features in one chromosome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analysis of morphological traits of the spike and reproductivity elements of speltoid chemomutant Triticum aestivum

Yakymchuk

Sobolenko

Сорокіна

2020

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…Based on so far published results, the extracts of young spelt grass contain a sufficient amount of key nutrients and biologically active compounds, which can be considered to have beneficial effects on human health. 3 In Montenegro, this is the first study of young spelt grass extract composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional composition, biologically active substances and antioxidant activity of young spelt grass extract

Jančić¹,

Šuković²,

Rešetar³

et al. 2022

JSFA Reports

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Background: Triticum spelta L. (family Poaceae) is an ancient grain, which had been used for nutrition in the past but was eventually substituted, together with other related grains, for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The main reasons for its substitution are higher yield and economic gain in favor of bread wheat. With the belief that the extract of young spelt grass contains a sufficient amount of key nutrients, which contribute to beneficial effects on human health, research was conducted on 27 samples of young spelt grass extracts. For each sample extracted from young spelt grass cultivated under different conditions (irrigation, lighting, harvest), its nutritional composition, the content of biologically active substances and antioxidant activities were determined, with a comparison of the obtained results. Results:In this two-year study several nutrients, the content of major and trace minerals, antioxidant activity and pigment, and polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed and how the different growth factors influence them. Young spelt grass extract has a relatively high amount of functional ingredients, such as potassium, phosphorus, manganese, chromium, polyphenols and flavonoids. Chlorophyll a and b and pheophytin were the main pigments in the young spelt grass extract. All of these constituents exhibit antioxidant activity, which is important for a healthy lifestyle and protection against diseases. Conclusion:This extract is a rich source of some major (potassium and phosphorus) and trace (manganese and chromium) elements, pigments, polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant potential of the young spelt grass extract was positively correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid content. Accordingly, this composition of biologically active substances offers various ways of using this extract in the field of nutrition-like dietary supplements.

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“…These efforts gave rise to hybrids between spelt breeding lines and bread wheat cultivars. The relevant research is also being carried out by the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of the University of Warmia and Mazury (UWM) in Olsztyn, Poland [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat x Spelt Breeding Lines in Terms of Their Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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The main aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of breeding lines derived from bread wheat and spelt (bread wheat cvs. Zebra, Torka and Kontesa; spelt breeding lines S10–S14) in terms of their resistance to infections caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina Eriks. The genomes of all analyzed lines harbored the markers for Pm2a, Pm4b and Pm6a alleles, which confer resistance to the infection caused by B. graminis f. sp. tritici. The markers for Pm4c and Pm4a alleles were also identified in many objects. The high number of Pm markers was noted in the crosses Zebra × S11 and Zebra × S12 whose genomes harbored the markers for Pm2a, Pm3d, Pm4a-4c and Pm6. Most of the studied lines harbored the marker linked to the Lr10 gene, which encodes resistance to the infection caused by P. triticina in wheat. The analysis of the presence of markers linked to the resistance to infections caused by B. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. triticina demonstrated that Zebra × S12 was the most promising breeding line with the highest number of markers for genes/alleles encoding resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. This breeding line was also highly resistant to both pathogens under field conditions.

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Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic analysis of morphological traits of the spike and reproductivity elements of speltoid chemomutant Triticum aestivum

Genetic analysis of morphological traits of the spike and reproductivity elements of speltoid chemomutant Triticum aestivum

Nutritional composition, biologically active substances and antioxidant activity of young spelt grass extract

An Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat x Spelt Breeding Lines in Terms of Their Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust

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