Do warnings received in race walking influence the speed of athletes?

Alves, Danilo L.; Cruz, Ramón; Domingos, Pablo Ramon; Osiecki, Raúl; Oliveira, Fernando Roberto de; Lima, Jorge Roberto Perrout de

doi:10.1080/24748668.2018.1488438

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Judges therefore do need to observe athletes on more than one occasion during a competition before deciding to write a red card, and supports the current practice of showing a yellow paddle before issuing a red card (apart from in exceptional circumstances), as well as the practice of viewing each video three times during IAAF judge examinations. Coaches should also remind their athletes to adjust their technique when a paddle is shown, or when a warning is indicated on the board, as many ignore these valuable sources of feedback (Alves et al, 2018 ). Two outlying, or at least unusual, results were found in the detection of bent knees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of IAAF Racewalk Judges' Ability to Detect Legal and Non-legal Technique

Hanley

Tucker

Bissas

2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IAAF Rule 230.2 states that racewalkers must have no visible (to the human eye) loss of contact with the ground and that their advancing leg must be straightened from first contact with the ground until the "vertical upright position." The aims of this study were first to analyze racewalking judges' accuracy in assessing technique and, second, to measure flight times across a range of speeds to establish when athletes were likely to lose visible contact. Twenty racewalkers were recorded in a laboratory using a panning video camera (50 Hz), a high-speed camera (100 Hz), and three force plates (1,000 Hz). Eighty-three judges of different IAAF Levels (and none) viewed the panned videos online and indicated whether each athlete was racewalking legally. Flight times shorter than 0.033 s were detected by fewer than 12.5% of judges, and thus indicated non-visible loss of contact. Flight times between 0.040 and 0.045 s were usually detected by no more than three out of eight judges. Very long flight times (≥0.060 s) were detected by nearly all judges. The results also showed that what judges generally considered straightened knees (>177 • ) was close to a geometrically straight line. Within this inexact definition, IAAF World Championship-standard Level III judges were most accurate, being more likely to detect anatomically bent knees and less likely to indicate bent knees when they did not occur. For the second part, the men racewalked down a 45-m indoor track at 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 km/h in a randomized order, whereas the women's trials were at 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 km/h. Flight times, measured using an OptoJump Next photocell system (1,000 Hz), increased for the men from 0.015 s at 11 km/h to 0.040 s at 14 km/h and 0.044 s at 15 km/h, and for the women from 0.013 s at 10 km/h to 0.041 s at 13 km/h and 0.050 s at 14 km/h. For judging by the human eye, the threshold for avoiding visible loss of contact therefore occurred for most athletes at ∼14 km/h for men and 13 km/h for women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of IAAF Racewalk Judges' Ability to Detect Legal and Non-legal Technique

Hanley

Tucker

Bissas

2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Judges therefore do need to observe athletes on more than one occasion during a competition before deciding to write a red card, and supports the current practice of showing a yellow paddle before issuing a red card (apart from in exceptional circumstances), as well as the practice of viewing each video three times during IAAF judge examinations. Coaches should also remind their athletes to adjust their technique when a paddle is shown, or when a warning is indicated on the board, as many ignore these valuable sources of feedback (Alves et al, 2018). Two outlying, or at least unusual, results were found in the detection of bent knees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurdling the Challenges of the 2019 IAAF World Championships

2020

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open-access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers Journal SeriesThe Frontiers Journal Series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of open-access, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers Journal Series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to QualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation.

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“…If the organisers aim to minimise the cost to the athlete by supplying it themselves, this could still lead to further unfairness because it may be wise for athletes to train with this technology throughout their training year to maximise their abilities using it. This is pertinent when it has been proposed that athletes moderate their race walking technique based upon feedback of their technique [19]. Alternatively, if athletes are expected to purchase SBS themselves, the relative disparity of wealthy to poor nations [45] makes it hard to ascertain what could be considered an unacceptable degree of cost.…”

Section: Could the Financial Cost Of Sbs Be A Barrier To Race Walking...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, recent studies have also investigated alternative methods such as video analysis [16] or inertial sensors located on different regions of the body [17]. The use of foot-based sensors has been validated though [18,19] and that if detected, a fault in the athletes gait does then moderate the athlete's behaviour as a result [19]. Whilst it could be assumed that many technological innovations are generally intended to improve athletic performance, some examples are intended to help regulate the sport itself by monitoring human physical behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Controversy and Pragmatic Resolution of the Introduction of Foot Sensors in Competitive Race Walking

Dyer

2022

SSRN Journal

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Do warnings received in race walking influence the speed of athletes?

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of IAAF Racewalk Judges' Ability to Detect Legal and Non-legal Technique

Assessment of IAAF Racewalk Judges' Ability to Detect Legal and Non-legal Technique

Hurdling the Challenges of the 2019 IAAF World Championships

The Controversy and Pragmatic Resolution of the Introduction of Foot Sensors in Competitive Race Walking

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