Do We Have a Disability Epidemic?

Melhorn, J. Mark; Lazarovic, Jacob; Roehl, Wanda K.

doi:10.1007/0-387-28919-4_1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, Redding and Murrie advise that psychological experts should carefully convey the scientific foundations of the testimony and opinions proferred to court, or the lack of such in opposing testimony and opinions, or both. Melhorn et al (2005) ask whether we have a disability epidemic. They estimated that about 30% of young people have a chance of becoming disabled before retirement, and they reviewed the elevated financial costs to society.…”

Section: Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Injury and Law: Defining a Field

Young

2008

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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This article elaborates definitional and conceptual issues relevant to the field of psychological injury and law. It reviews the literature in the major areas that mark the field-law, forensic psychology, disability, and assessment/ malingering. To meet admissibility requirements of testimony in court, psychologists and other mental health professionals need to maintain a comprehensive, impartial, and scientifically informed approach to assessments based on a state-of-the-art knowledge, such as made available in this journal.

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Section: Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Injury and Law: Defining a Field

Young

2008

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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“…Direct costs involve aspects such as losttime wage replacement, health care provider expenses, investigative tests, hospitalizations, surgeries, and disability settlements and pensions. Indirect costs may include loss of work productivity [6,7], training of replacement workers, lost tax revenues, administrative expenses, as well as negative consequences for coworkers, supervisors and families [2,8]. Specifically, workers and families often experience lost wages, suffering, pain, limited activities, and impacts on future employability [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-modifiable worker and workplace risk factors contributing to workplace absence: A stakeholder-centred synthesis of systematic reviews

White

Wagner

Schultz

et al. 2015

WOR

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Workplace stakeholders report the identification and translation of relevant high quality research to inform workplace disability policy and practice is a challenge. The present study engaged academic and community stakeholders in conducting a best evidence-synthesis to identify non-modifiable risk and protective worker and workplace factors impacting work-related absence across a variety of health conditions. OBJECTIVE: To identify non-modifiable worker and workplace disability risk and protective factors impacting work-related absence across common health conditions. METHODS: The research team searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, BusinessSourceComplete, and ABI/Inform from 2000 to 2011. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods systematic reviews of work-focused population were considered for inclusion. Two or more reviewers independently reviewed articles for inclusion and methodological screening. RESULTS: The search strategy, including expert input and grey literature, led to the identification of 2,467 unique records. From this initial search, 2325 were eliminated by title or abstract review, 142 articles underwent comprehensive review to assess for inclusion, 26 systematic reviews met eligibility criteria for this synthesis. M.I. White et al. / Non-modifiable worker and workplace risk factorsfound consistent evidence across two or more health conditions for increased risk of disability in situations where workers experience lower education, older age, emotional distress, poor personal functioning, decreased physical functioning, psychological symptoms, overweight status, and greater sick leave history. LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneity of existing literature due to differences in outcome measures, definitions and research designs limited ability to assess effect size and results reflect findings limited to English-language papers.

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“…Public and private sector employers in North America and other western industrialized nations share growing concerns about an apparent "disability epidemic" that includes increasing disability costs associated with work absenteeism and presenteeism [5,6]. Further, the literature points to a rising prevalence of chronic disability in the population [7,8] that has been linked to reduced work productivity [5,9]. Despite the fact that rigorous scientific studies show that such workplace absences, injuries and associated disabilities are often preventable [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], in 2006 Canadian workers' compensation boards disbursed $8.7 billion for workplace injury, not including work-absences from chronic diseases [2,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable workplace risk factors contributing to workplace absence across health conditions: A stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews

White

Wagner

Schultz

et al. 2013

Work

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BACKGROUND: A challenge facing stakeholders is the identification and translation of relevant high quality research to inform policy and practice. This study engaged academic and community stakeholders in conducting a best evidence-synthesis to enhance knowledge use. OBJECTIVES: To identify modifiable workplace disability risk and protective factors across common health conditions impacting work-related absence. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, BusinessSourceComplete, and ABI/Inform from 2000 to 2011. Systematic reviews that employed quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods of work-focused population were considered for inclusion. Two or more independent reviewers reviewed titles only, titles and abstracts, and/or full articles when assessing eligibility for inclusion. Selected articles underwent methodological screening. RESULTS: The search strategy, expert input and grey literature identified 2,467 unique records from which 142 full text articles underwent comprehensive review. Twenty-seven systematic reviews met eligibility criteria. Modifiable work factors found to have consistent evidence across two or more health conditions included lack of social support, increased physical demands at work, job strain, lack of supervisory support, increased psychological demands, low job satisfaction, low worker control of job, and poor leadership quality. 476 M. White et al. / Workplace modifiable risk factors contributing to workplace absence CONCLUSIONS:The active engagement of stakeholders led to greater understanding of relevance of the study findings for community stakeholders and appreciation of the mutual benefits of collaboration.

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Do We Have a Disability Epidemic?

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Psychological Injury and Law: Defining a Field

Psychological Injury and Law: Defining a Field

Non-modifiable worker and workplace risk factors contributing to workplace absence: A stakeholder-centred synthesis of systematic reviews

Modifiable workplace risk factors contributing to workplace absence across health conditions: A stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews

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