Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development?

Jayawickreme, Eranda; Rivers, Jessica; Rauthmann, Julia M.

doi:10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…These differences in development were apparent even before the event of marital separation. Whereas past research has generally focused on individual differences in adaptation after aversive life events (Jayawickreme, Rivers, & Rauthmann, 2018), results of this study highlight how there also appear to be individual differences in the way that different people approach life events and their resilience during this approach period. It may be the case that some events are traumatic only for certain people and thus post-traumatic growth -if present -may only be observable among that subset of people.…”

Section: Self-esteem and Marital Dissolution 21mentioning

confidence: 71%

Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution

Bleidorn

Schwaba

Denissen

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to chart changes in self-esteem before and after marital dissolution to identify the factors that shape individuals' self-esteem during this life transition. Method: We analyzed 10 annual waves of self-esteem data from 291 divorcees from a nationally representative panel study of the Netherlands (N ~ 13,000). We charted the course of self-esteem before and after marital dissolution and tested a broad set of moderator variables that may shape individuals' self-esteem trajectories. Results: The average divorcee experienced significant decreases in self-esteem preceding marital dissolution and remained stable afterwards. There were substantial individual differences in self-esteem trajectories, both before and after marital separation. Divorcees who experienced financial hardship, were affiliated with a church or religion, or scored low in conscientiousness showed the most pronounced decreases in self-esteem during the years approaching marital dissolution. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of assessing people multiple times before and after marital dissolution to dissect how people approach and respond to this life event. Results are consistent with perspectives that view divorce as an opportunity to abate the strains of an unhappy marriage.

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Section: Self-esteem and Marital Dissolution 21mentioning

confidence: 71%

Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution

Bleidorn

Schwaba

Denissen

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality

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“…These findings are consistent with the study of Frazier et al [ 11 ], who found that post-traumatic growth, when assessed with a pre/post-test methodology is not as common as previously shown in numerous studies and can be a skewed perception of positive changes. More specifically, assessment instruments of post-traumatic growth, such as the PTGI—the most commonly used instrument to assess growth following an adverse event [ 14 ]—are not suitable for revealing a genuine decline or increase of growth. This suggests there is a need to develop more reliable instruments of post-traumatic growth [ 40 ] and conduct more systematic, longitudinal protocols, as recommended by Infurna and Jayawickreme [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-traumatic growth refers to a positive psychological change following a traumatic life event [ 8 ]. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is the most commonly used instrument to assess growth following an adverse event [ 14 ]. However, it does not assess actual change but self-perceived growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective and prospective measures of post-traumatic growth reflect different processes: longitudinal evidence of greater decline than growth following a hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Corman

Rubio

Cabrespine³

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

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Background This prospective longitudinal study examined and compared two measures (prospective and retrospective ones) of post-traumatic growth (PTG) following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and their respective relationships with mental health and psychological disposition. We also tested the hypothesis that unwillingness to be in contact with distressing thoughts and feelings—i.e. experiential avoidance—would moderate the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and growth. Methods This study was carried out with 187 patients. Patients completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) 5 months after HSCT and scales tapping into the five domains of PTGI during hospitalisation and 5 months after HSCT. Mental health and psychological disposition were also assessed prior to hospitalisation. A PTSD scale was administered at the five-month follow-up. Results Prospective and retrospective measures of PTG were weakly correlated. Bayesian pre/post-HSCT comparisons in the prospective measure of PTG revealed substantial to very strong decline in four of the five dimensions assessed. Overall, RCI indicated a reliable increase for 5.6% of patients and a reliable decrease for 40.8% of patients. Confirming that retrospective and prospective measures of PTG reflect different processes, they were not related to the same mental health and psychological disposition variables. Moreover, the hypothesis that acquiring positive outcomes from a potentially traumatic experience, such as HSCT, requires direct confrontation with the source of distress was supported in the case of the retrospective measure of growth but not in the case of the prospective measure growth. Conclusions Retrospective measures such as the PTGI do not appear to assess actual pre- to post-HSCT change. HSCT seems more linked to psychological decline than to growth.

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“…These ndings are consistent with the study of Frazier et al [11], who found that post-traumatic growth is not as common as previously shown in numerous studies and can be a skewed perception of positive changes. More speci cally, assessment instruments of post-traumatic growth, such as the PTGI-the most commonly used instrument to assess growth following an adverse event [14]-are not suitable to reveal a genuine decline or increase of growth. This suggests there is a need to develop more reliable instruments of post-traumatic growth [37] and conduct more systematic, longitudinal protocols, as recommended by Infurna and Jayawickreme [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived and Actual Growth Following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: Longitudinal Evidence of Greater Decline than Growth

Corman¹,

Rubio²,

Cabrespine³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. This prospective longitudinal study examined perceived and actual changes in post-traumatic growth following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and their relationships with mental health and psychological disposition. We also tested the hypothesis that unwillingness to be in contact with distressing thoughts and feelings—i.e. experiential avoidance—would moderate the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and growth.Methods. This study was carried out with 187 patients. All patients completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) five months after HSCT and also scales tapping into the five domains of PTGI during and 5 months after HSCT. Mental health and psychological disposition were also assessed prior to hospitalization. A PTSD scale was administrated at the five-month follow-up.Results. Perceived and actual change were weakly correlated. Bayesian pre/post-HSCT comparisons in actual growth revealed substantial to very strong decline in four of the five dimensions assessed. Overall, RCI indicated a reliable increase for 5.6% of patients and a reliable decrease for 40.8% of patients. Confirming that perceived and actual growth reflect different processes, they were not related to the same mental health and psychological disposition variables. Moreover, the hypothesis that acquiring positive outcomes from a traumatic event, such as HSCT, requires direct confrontation with the source of distress that was supported in the case of perceived growth but not in the case of actual growth.Conclusions. Retrospective measures such as the PTGI do not appear to assess actual pre- to post-HSCT change. HSCT seems more linked to psychological decline than to growth.

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Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development?

Cited by 23 publications

References 128 publications

Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution

Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution

Retrospective and prospective measures of post-traumatic growth reflect different processes: longitudinal evidence of greater decline than growth following a hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Perceived and Actual Growth Following Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: Longitudinal Evidence of Greater Decline than Growth

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