Do we know how best to disinfect child care sites in the United States? A review of available disinfectant efficacy data and health risks of the major disinfectant classes

Effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners on reducing indoor PM 2.5 and NH 3 in an agricultural cohort of children with asthma: A randomized intervention trial

“…The levels we observed are similar to those measured in other studies in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan, 15,28‐30,39,40 although the number of studies on indoor residential settings is limited. We examined multiple potential likely sources of indoor NH 3 in sensitivity analyses and found no significant influences (eg, pets/dogs, NH 3 ‐based cleaners and hair products, diapers, A/C use 28‐30,39,41‐44 ). It is unclear if our finding of no HEPA effect on NH 3 is attributable to the device itself, high dependence on usage by participants (more so than required to observe a PM 2.5 effect), some combination of both, or some other unmeasured factor.…”

Environmental Health-Related Policies and Practices of Oklahoma Licensed Early Care and Education Programs: Implications for Childhood Asthma

“…While effectively disinfecting and sanitizing is important for ECE health, products such as bleach pose risks to children's respiratory health [66]. Alternative methods for sanitizing and disinfecting, such as fragrance-free, non-chlorine, hydrogen peroxide products that have less respiratory toxicity than do bleach or quaternary ammonias [72], may result in overall healthier environments for both children and providers. Additionally, there are national resources available to assist ECE programs in choosing safer disinfectants without compromising a hygienic environment including the (1) US EPA's List N to identify EPA-registered products that can be used against emerging viral pathogens, such as the Coronavirus, not listed on the product label [73] and (2) the US Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standards to promote chemical safety at ECEs through the provision of information and training to staff regarding chemical labels, safety data sheets, and protocols outlining how to properly handle and store chemicals [74].…”

Effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide on reducing environmental microbial bioburden risk in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit

“…3,17,[26][27][28] Hydrogen peroxide demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those most commonly associated with health care-associated infections, sporeforming organisms, and mycobacteria. 17,18,[26][27][28] This is achieved through microbial oxidation, leading to disruption of essential cell components, such as membrane lipids and DNA, and resulting in a loss of viability and infectivity. 26,27 The key difference between DHP and other forms of airborne hydrogen peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) or mist, is its safety for use in occupied settings.…”

“…Hydrogen peroxide is a well-established disinfectant with a strong safety profile in the pediatric population. 17,18 Research has shown airborne hydrogen peroxide, in particular, to be an effective disinfectant for the hospital inanimate environment, 17 but its efficacy has historically been counterbalanced by its restriction for use in unoccupied spaces. 3 DHP possesses the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of hydrogen peroxide.…”