Do we need specific breeding for legume-based mixtures?

Annicchiarico, Paolo; Collins, R. P.; Ron, Antonio M. De; Firmat, Cyril; Litrico, Isabelle; Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2019.04.001

Cited by 61 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…However, recently more winter tolerant cultivars, for example for perennial ryegrass, have been introduced, and the cultivation area has expanded to more harsh winter climates in the continental regions (Helgadóttir et al, 2018a). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not yet cultivated extensively, but there might be more possibility for this in the future due to the warming climate and breeding of new cultivars (Annicchiarico et al, 2019).…”

Section: Perennial Forage Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Mixed Cropping Systems for the Boreal-Nemoral Region

Lizarazo

Tuulos²,

Jokela³

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Mixed cropping, including intercropping, is the oldest form of systemized agricultural production and involves the growing of two or more species or cultivars of the same species simultaneously in the same field. However, mixed cropping has been little by little replaced by sole crop systems, especially in developed countries. Some of the advantages of mixed cropping are, for example, resource use efficiency and yield stability, but there are also several challenges, such as weed management and competition. The boreal-nemoral region lies within the region 55 to 70 • N. In this area, for example in Finland, the length of the thermal growing season varies from >105 to over 185 days. Typically, variation between locations and years is marked. However, during the year, there can be a wide range of temperature extremes between −70 and +30 • C. The majority of cropping systems in this region are usually monocultures, except for forage grass mixtures. The possibility of having several crops in a mixture is very challenging in the region due to the short growing season and extreme cold temperatures, meaning that crop earliness and overwintering capacity are a considerable restriction for year-round mixed cropping. A further restriction is the quality requirements set by the industry. Our review will explore a range of mixed cropping possibilities for the boreal-nemoral region, including different possible combinations of spring, winter, perennial, biennial, catch, and cover crops. The reviewed mixed cropping systems could considerably improve the sustainability and efficiency of crop production.

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Section: Perennial Forage Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Mixed Cropping Systems for the Boreal-Nemoral Region

Lizarazo

Tuulos²,

Jokela³

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…The choice of the genotypes best suited to mixing within each species is not straight-forward, and a robust strategy for evaluating and identifying the right mixing partners from among a large number of candidates is essential to selecting the components of mixtures and improving the mixing ability of each species. Selection efficiency for mixed cropping yield under pure stand has been reported to be moderate or low highlighting the value dedicated breeding efforts for mixed cropping ( de Oliveira Zimmermann, 1996 ; O’Leary and Smith, 2004 ; Annicchiarico et al, 2019 ). Well performing genotypes should display a high general mixing ability (GMA), i.e., lead to a high total mixture yield performance across several potential mixing partners, and a low variance in specific mixing ability (SMA), i.e., little or no specific interaction with individual mixing partners in that respect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important area to advance breeding for mixed cropping focuses on exploiting information that is contained in the fraction yields of mixed crops via the application of the producer (Pr) and associate (As) concept ( Wright, 1985 ; Goldringer et al, 1994 ; Annicchiarico et al, 2019 ). In the mixed cropping context, the Pr effect, sometimes also referred to as direct effect, is the capacity of a genotype to influence its own yield in a mixture, while the As effect is its capacity to influence the yield of its companion crop or variety ( Annicchiarico et al, 2019 ). As laid out by Wright (1985) , Forst (2018) , and Sampoux et al (2020) , the Pr and As effects of a given genotype sum up to its GMA effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often in mixed cropping, one of the species is at a competitive disadvantage and genotypes of the species that is very non-competitive generally express a low GMA in mixtures ( Annicchiarico and Piano, 1994 ; Corre-Hellou et al, 2006 ). However, the competitive ability of genotypes is obscured when only whole mixture yield is observed ( Annicchiarico et al, 2019 ). The assessment of fraction yields is not only important to identify these competitive abilities, but can also be applied to optimize a mixture toward a specific ratio, e.g., for feed nutrition or legume subsidies reasons, as is for example the case in Switzerland ( Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft BLW, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Breeding for Mixed Cropping – Incomplete Factorials and the Producer/Associate Concept

et al. 2021

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Mixed cropping has been suggested as a resource-efficient approach to meet high produce demands while maintaining biodiversity and minimizing environmental impact. Current breeding programs do not select for enhanced general mixing ability (GMA) and neglect biological interactions within species mixtures. Clear concepts and efficient experimental designs, adapted to breeding for mixed cropping and encoded into appropriate statistical models, are lacking. Thus, a model framework for GMA and SMA (specific mixing ability) was established. Results of a simulation study showed that an incomplete factorial design combines advantages of two commonly used full factorials, and enables to estimate GMA, SMA, and their variances in a resource-efficient way. This model was extended to the Producer (Pr) and Associate (As) concept to exploit additional information based on fraction yields. It was shown that the Pr/As concept allows to characterize genotypes for their contribution to total mixture yield, and, when relating to plant traits, allows to describe biological interaction functions (BIF) in a mixed crop. Incomplete factorial designs show the potential to drastically improve genetic gain by testing an increased number of genotypes using the same amount of resources. The Pr/As concept can further be employed to maximize GMA in an informed and efficient way. The BIF of a trait can be used to optimize species ratios at harvest as well as to extend our understanding of competitive and facilitative interactions in a mixed plant community. This study provides an integrative methodological framework to promote breeding for mixed cropping.

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“…In this study, the focus is on the GL x GR interaction, which can be improved by plant breeding. Although plant breeding has contributed to increased yields (Annicchiarico et al 2019), further increases in yield require additional inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer or fixed nitrogen. In farming systems in developing countries, these crops are often grown with few inputs (fertilizers, pesticides or improved varieties).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography and rhizobia-legume genotypic interactions in common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) in Ethiopia

Gunnabo

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Rhizobia are soil borne bacteria that form symbioses with legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen. The nitrogen fixation potential of the symbionts depends on several factors such as the host and rhizobia types and environmental factors that affect distribution of the rhizobia. We isolated rhizobia nodulating common bean growing in Southern Ethiopia to evaluate their genetic diversity and phylogeography at nucleotide, locus (gene/haplotype) and species levels of genetic hierarchy. Phylogenetically, seven rhizobial genospecies (including previous collections) were determined that had reduced genetic diversity compared to reference strains. The reduction in genetic diversity of the Ethiopian collections was due to absence of some of the Rhizobium lineages known to nodulate beans. R. etli and R. phaseoli were predominant strains of bean nodulating rhizobia in Ethiopia. We found no evidence for a phylogeographic pattern in strain distribution. However, joint analysis of the current and previous collections revealed differences between the two collections at nucleotide level of genetic hierarchy. The differences were due to genospecies R. aethiopicum that was only isolated in the earlier collection.

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Do we need specific breeding for legume-based mixtures?

Cited by 61 publications

References 205 publications

Sustainable Mixed Cropping Systems for the Boreal-Nemoral Region

Sustainable Mixed Cropping Systems for the Boreal-Nemoral Region

Advances in Breeding for Mixed Cropping – Incomplete Factorials and the Producer/Associate Concept

Phylogeography and rhizobia-legume genotypic interactions in common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) in Ethiopia

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