Do We Really Need to Thank the Beatles for the Financing of the Development of the Computed Tomography Scanner?

Maizlin, Zeev V.; Vos, Patrick M.

doi:10.1097/rct.0b013e318249416f

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For EMBASE, the terms used were “‘pneumatosis intestinalis’/exp” and “‘inflammatory bowel disease’/exp.” For CENTRAL and Web of Science, the key words were “pneumatosis” and “inflammatory bowel disease.” Only papers published in English and between the dates January 1, 1972 to August 20, 2018 were included. The year 1972 was chosen as the cutoff date as this was the year CT scanners started being manufactured [ 10 ]. All titles were initially screened, and appropriate abstracts were reviewed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presentation and outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease patients with concurrent pneumatosis intestinalis: a case series and systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerative colitis (UC), and the colon and/or small intestine with Crohn’s disease (CD). Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), characterized by compromise of the intestinal wall with gas-filled cysts, has rarely been reported with IBD. The presentation, best management and outcomes of PI with IBD are poorly defined. Methods: We conducted a search for PI in all abdominal computed tomography (CT) reports at 2 large tertiary care hospitals from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017, cross referenced to ICD codes for IBD. CT and chart review was performed to confirm PI and IBD respectively. A systematic review excluding case reports was performed for PI with IBD for comparison. Results: Of 5,990 patients with a CT abdomen report mentioning PI, we identified 11 cases of PI with IBD, 4 UC, 6 CD, and 1 indeterminate colitis. PI was limited to the small bowel in 5 patients, the right colon in 5, and small bowel and colonic in 1. All 3 mortalities had CD, small intestinal PI and portal/mesenteric venous gas. The systematic literature search identified 9 articles describing 58 patients with IBD and PI. These cases were mostly included in larger cohorts of PI patients without extractable data on presentation or outcomes in the IBD subpopulation. Conclusions: Ours appears to be the first reporting of presentations and outcomes, outside of case reports, for those with PI and IBD. The high mortality for those with CD and PI of the small bowel appears to define a group requiring more than supportive medical care.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The year 1972 was chosen as the cutoff date as this was the year CT scanners started being manufactured. 10 All titles were initially screened, and appropriate abstracts were reviewed. Articles identified on PubMed with appropriate titles also had their MeSH terms reviewed.…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation and outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease patients with concurrent pneumatosis intestinalis: a case series and systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, The Beatles that pushed R&D at EMI with their musical success are often suggested as the four boys who made the development of CT scanners possible 40 . However, if the cash inflow from the Beatles ensured the development of the CT scanner at EMI is controversially discussed 41 …”

Section: The Beatles Impact On Development Of the Computed Tomography...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beatles in life sciences: Facts and fictions

Weiskirchen

2022

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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The Beatles formed in Liverpool are one of the most famous music groups in the history of pop considered as the best-selling artists in the category "band," with the highest amount of claimed record sales. With their foremost pioneering activities in songwriting, artistic presentation, and recording, the band revolutionized many aspects of music industry and impacted social developments. Although active as a foursome in the 1960s, their music and films still attract new generations all over the world. Similar to former periods, the popularity of the Beatles and the fanaticism toward the band (i.e., "Beatlemania") has an ongoing impact on society and culture. Mostly unknown, Beatles songs inspire scientists in daily work and are part of clinical studies investigating aspects of human health and disease. This review briefly discusses the influence of The Beatles on Life Sciences, highlights the "better than the Beatles problem" affecting new drug development, and discusses several examples in which The Beatles impacted progression in Medicine. Finally, it is discussed if the meteoric success of the band contributed to the rapid progress in modern radiology.

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“…Images from these scanners were reconstructed by x-rays fan beams obtained from the rotating xrays tube. Due to this feature of the set-up, fourth generation CT scanners were specified as rotatestationary geometry [33][34][35].…”

Section: Fourth Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Techniques in External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Review

Singh¹,

Kulshreshtha²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2021

IJSRP

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Radiation therapy being most general treatment modality to cure patients with different malignancies covers more than fifty percent of cancer burden. Since its inception for treatment of cancer and other malignancies in 1896, development of new devices from time to time has brought several changes in techniques of radiation therapy. The present study aims to present an outlook towards the basic concepts involved related to radiation therapy and to highlight the development of the various techniques of radiation therapy involving wide range of energies from x-ray, γ-ray and charged particles. This presentation gives an outlook for various advanced techniques of radiation therapy like external beam radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, image guided radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy, brachy-therapy etc. This study gives an introduction ofutilization of x-rays, γ-rays, photon beams and light charged particles i.e. electrons as a source of radiation used for radiation therapy andit is concluded that the electron beam therapy is more suitable for superficial tumors like nasal nodes, head and neck cancers and breast carcinomas. It is also beneficial in providing the radiation boost to the residual cancers after surgery. Since the energy of the beam drop off rapidly after the desired depth, so that the sensitive body parts can be escaped from the radiation effects.

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Do We Really Need to Thank the Beatles for the Financing of the Development of the Computed Tomography Scanner?

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Presentation and outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease patients with concurrent pneumatosis intestinalis: a case series and systematic review

Presentation and outcomes among inflammatory bowel disease patients with concurrent pneumatosis intestinalis: a case series and systematic review

The Beatles in life sciences: Facts and fictions

Treatment Techniques in External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Review

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