Do wild brown lemurs reconcile? Not always

Norscia, Ivan; Palagi, Elisabetta

doi:10.1007/s10164-010-0228-y

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As indicated in previous reports, all the groups under study are characterized by linear hierarchy and female dominance determined using aggression sociomatrices ( Norscia & Palagi, 2011 ; Palagi & Norscia, 2011 ; Sclafani et al, 2012 ; Palagi, Antonacci & Norscia, 2008 ). Based on these characteristics only, we would conclude that similar dominance features apply to all groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied a four-step approach on a large database gathered, with the same observation protocol, on five wild multimale-multifemale lemur groups. The groups shared the same habitat, and part of the home range, and they were all characterized by linear hierarchy and female dominance ( Norscia & Palagi, 2011 ; Palagi & Norscia, 2011 ; Sclafani et al, 2012 ; Palagi, Antonacci & Norscia, 2008 ). This information alone would lead to conclude that their dominance profile is alike.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a model for our investigation, we used five wild groups of three sympatric strepsirhine species ( Lemur catta , Propithecus verreauxi , and Eulemur rufus x collaris ) which share the same habitat and part of their home range in the Berenty forest (south Madagascar) and show similar social system features. In fact, they are characterized by multimale-multifemale group composition, linear hierarchy, and exclusive female dominance over males ( Norscia & Palagi, 2011 ; Palagi & Norscia, 2011 ; Sclafani et al, 2012 ; Palagi, Antonacci & Norscia, 2008 ). Below, we describe the four steps of the methodological procedure applied in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The socio-matrix reloaded: from hierarchy to dominance profile in wild lemurs

Norscia

Palagi

2015

PeerJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dominance hierarchy influences the life quality of social animals, and its definition should in principle be based on the outcome of agonistic interactions. However, defining and comparing the dominance profile of social groups is difficult due to the different dominance measures used and because no one measure explains it all. We applied different analytical methods to winner-loser sociomatrices to determine the dominance profile of five groups of wild lemurs (species: Lemur catta, Propithecus verreauxi, and Eulemur rufus x collaris) from the Berenty forest (Madagascar). They are an excellent study model because they share the same habitat and an apparently similar dominance profile: linear hierarchy and female dominance. Data were collected over more than 1200 h of observation. Our approach included four steps: (1) by applying the binary dyadic dominance relationship method (I&SI) on either aggressions or supplant sociomatrices we verified whether hierarchy was aggression or submission based; (2) by calculating normalized David’s scores and measuring steepness from aggression sociomatrices we evaluated whether hierarchy was shallow or steep; (3) by comparing the ranking orders obtained with methods 1 and 2 we assessed whether hierarchy was consistent or not; and (4) by assessing triangle transitivity and comparing it with the linearity index and the level of group cohesion we determined if hierarchy was more or less cohesive. Our results show that L. catta groups have got a steep, consistent, highly transitive and cohesive hierarchy. P. verreauxi groups are characterized by a moderately steep and consistent hierarchy, with variable levels of triangle transitivity and cohesion. E. rufus x collaris group possesses a shallow and inconsistent hierarchy, with lower (but not lowest) levels of transitivity and cohesion. A multiple analytical approach on winner-loser sociomatrices other than leading to an in-depth description of the dominance profile, allows intergroup and cross-species comparisons.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The socio-matrix reloaded: from hierarchy to dominance profile in wild lemurs

Norscia

Palagi

2015

PeerJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar high values have been reported in captive wolves (CCT ¼ 53.3%; Cordoni & Palagi, 2008) and in several macaque species showing a relaxed dominance style (CCT > 40%; Thierry, 2000). In contrast, in species with despotic dominance relationships, conciliatory tendencies are much lower (rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta: 9.0%, de Waal & Ren, 1988; chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: 15.5%, Kutsukake & Castles, 2004; brown lemur, Eulemur fulvus: 26.6%, Norscia & Palagi, 2011). In species with tolerant dominance relationships, individuals are more likely to initiate a friendly interaction in a situation of conflict as the risk of renewed aggression is low (but see callitrichids, for an exception: Schaffner & Caine, 2000).…”

Section: A Comparative Perspective To Conflict Resolution In Wolvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict management in free-ranging wolves, Canis lupus

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…By restoring the relationship between former opponents [ 32 – 39 ], reducing the probability of further fights [ 23 ], [ 33 ], [ 34 ], [ 40 – 45 ] and/or reducing anxiety in the victim [ 21 ], [ 46 – 50 ], reconciliation is crucial to preserving social unity from the disruption caused by uncontrolled conflict spreading in the group. Therefore, reconciliation is expected to be present any time that it is valuable for the group members (including dominants) to preserve the alliances that facilitate group survival, thus preserving the benefits of group living [ 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Season for Peace: Reconciliation in a Despotic Species (Lemur catta)

Palagi

Norscia

2015

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

However despotic a social group may be, managing conflicts of interest is crucial to preserve group living benefits, mainly based on cooperation. In despotic groups, post-conflict management via reconciliation (the first post-conflict reunion between former opponents) can occur, even if conciliatory rates are considerably different. Lemur catta is defined as a despotic species because groups are characterized by a strict linear hierarchy maintained by the adult females (the dominant sex) mainly via aggression. Reconciliation was reported in one out of four captive groups of L. catta. Here we investigate which variables influence the occurrence of reconciliation in these despotic groups. We analyzed 2339 Post Conflict (PC)-Matched Control (MC) observation pairs, collected on eight groups (five in the Berenty forest, Madagascar; three hosted at the Pistoia Zoo, Italy). Since L. catta is characterized by steep female dominance but shows female-female coalitionary support, we expected to confirm the presence of reconciliation in the study species. Consistently, we found reconciliation in one captive group and two wild groups, thus providing the first evidence of the presence of this phenomenon in wild L. catta. Moreover, because this species is a seasonal breeder (with mating occurring once a year), we expected seasonal fluctuations in reconciliation levels. Via a GLMM analysis using data from all wild groups and on a captive group followed for more than one year, we found that season (but not rank; individuals’ identity, sex, and age; or group identity) significantly affected individual reconciliation rates, and such rates were lowest during the mating period. Thus, reconciliation can be present in groups in which dominants strongly influence and limit social relationships (steep dominance hierarchy) except when the advantages of intra-group cooperation are overcome by competition, as occurs in seasonal breeders when reproduction is at stake. We conclude that in despotic social groups in which coalitions are observed, the right question is not if but when reconciliation can be present.

show abstract

Do wild brown lemurs reconcile? Not always

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

The socio-matrix reloaded: from hierarchy to dominance profile in wild lemurs

The socio-matrix reloaded: from hierarchy to dominance profile in wild lemurs

Conflict management in free-ranging wolves, Canis lupus

The Season for Peace: Reconciliation in a Despotic Species (Lemur catta)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About