Do X‐linked diseases affect periodontal health?

Chien, Hua‐Hong; Hart, Thomas C.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00441.x

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…These multiple genetic contributions must act jointly with appropriate environmental factors (e.g., microbes, smoking) to trigger disease when a particular ceiling of genetic and environmental elements is present. In regard to periodontal disease, multifactorial genetic influences are more prevalent in its etiology [ 51 ]. What becomes even more complicated than the affiliation between genes, environment, and disease is what genetic influences are necessary within the environment to promote periodontal health.…”

Section: First Layer - Biologically Discrete Entities Of Biofilm and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining periodontal health

Mariotti

Hefti

2015

BMC Oral Health

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Assessment of the periodontium has relied exclusively on a variety of physical measurements (e.g., attachment level, probing depth, bone loss, mobility, recession, degree of inflammation, etc.) in relation to various case definitions of periodontal disease. Periodontal health was often an afterthought and was simply defined as the absence of the signs and symptoms of a periodontal disease. Accordingly, these strict and sometimes disparate definitions of periodontal disease have resulted in an idealistic requirement of a pristine periodontium for periodontal health, which makes us all diseased in one way or another. Furthermore, the consequence of not having a realistic definition of health has resulted in potentially questionable recommendations. The aim of this manuscript was to assess the biological, environmental, sociological, economic, educational and psychological relationships that are germane to constructing a paradigm that defines periodontal health using a modified wellness model. The paradigm includes four cardinal characteristics, i.e., 1) a functional dentition, 2) the painless function of a dentition, 3) the stability of the periodontal attachment apparatus, and 4) the psychological and social well-being of the individual. Finally, strategies and policies that advocate periodontal health were appraised.I'm not sick but I'm not well,and it's a sin to live so well.Flagpole Sitta, Harvey Danger

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Section: First Layer - Biologically Discrete Entities Of Biofilm and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining periodontal health

Mariotti

Hefti

2015

BMC Oral Health

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“…Oral manifestations-Periodontal lesions observed are ulcerations (mucosal and keratinized tissue), gingivitis, and periodontitis (Wolf and Ebel, 1978;Cohen et al, 1985;Deas et al, 2003). The correlation with gingivitis is stronger in X-linked CGD, and with periodontitis, the association is higher in the AR forms of the disease (Chien and Hart, 2013).…”

Section: Oral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases

2016

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The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient’s immune deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this paper is to review the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.

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“…Sex steroids and X-linked genes have been proposed to be the main mechanisms that alter immune function ( 41 – 43 ). Although periodontitis has primarily been associated with X-linked genetic disorders, the reported evidence is of low quality and not conclusive ( 44 ). Therefore, in this report, we aim to examine basic evidence regarding the sex influence on the immune response in genetic or autoimmune disease models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

Ioannidou

2017

Front. Public Health

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Periodontitis, a complex polymicrobial inflammatory disease, is a public health burden affecting more than 100 million people and being partially responsible for tooth loss. Interestingly, periodontitis has a documented higher prevalence in men as compared to women signifying a possible sex/gender entanglement in the disease pathogenesis. Although relevant evidence has treated sex/gender in a simplistic dichotomous manner, periodontitis may represent a complex inflammatory disease model, in which sex biology may interfere with gender social and behavioral constructs affecting disease clinical phenotype. Even when it became clear that experimental oral health research needed to incorporate gender (and/or sex) framework in the hypothesis, researchers overwhelmingly ignored it unless the research question was directly related to reproductive system or sex-specific cancer. With the recognition of gender medicine as an independent field of research, this study challenged the current notion regarding sex/gender roles in periodontal disease. We aimed to develop the methodological and analytical framework with the recognition of sex/gender as important determinants of disease pathogenesis that require special attention. First, we aim to present relevant sex biologic evidence to understand the plausibility of the epidemiologic data. In periodontitis pathogenesis, sex dimorphism has been implicated in the disease etiology possibly affecting the bacterial component and the host immune response both in the innate and adaptive levels. With the clear distinction between sex and gender, gender oral health disparities have been explained by socioeconomic factors, cultural attitudes as well as access to preventive and regular care. Economic inequality and hardship for women have resulted in limited access to oral care. As a result, gender emerged as a complex socioeconomic and behavioral factor influencing oral health outcomes. Taken together, as disease phenotypic presentation is a multifactorial product of biology, behavior and the environment, sex dimorphism in immunity as well as gender socio-behavioral construct might play a role in the above model. Therefore, this paper will provide the conceptual framework and principles intergrading sex and gender within periodontal research in a complex biologic and socio-behavioral dimension.

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Do X‐linked diseases affect periodontal health?

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

Defining periodontal health

Defining periodontal health

Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

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