Do You Feel Better When You Behave More Extraverted Than You Are? The Relationship Between Cumulative Counterdispositional Extraversion and Positive Feelings

Kuijpers, Evy; Pickett, Jennifer; Wille, Bart; Hofmans, Joeri

doi:10.1177/01461672211015062

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Given the potential context control has over traitrelated control in improving coping, it is this type that is measured. Important personality ingredients, related to coping, include those measured by the Big Five [42], including extraversion [43] and conscientiousness, levels of emotional stability and openness [44]-in education contexts, openness is important if learning is to expand; and optimistic thinking strategies have been associated with improved wellbeing, performance and health [45][46][47]. Those scoring high on optimism construe stress demands in a way that makes success more likely.…”

Section: Coping With Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of stress, personality and coping on learning motivation and mental health in university students during a pandemic

Gibbons

2022

BMC Psychol

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The aims explored the associations between stress, personality and coping on student mental health and compared defensive-pessimism and optimism as influences on learning motivation. Most research construes ‘stress’ as ‘distress’, with little attempt to measure the stress that enhances motivation and wellbeing. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 162) were surveyed on student and pandemic-related stressors, personality, support, control, mental health and learning motivation. Overall, adverse mental health was high and the lack of motivation acute. While positive ratings of teaching and optimistic thinking were associated with good mental health, context control was key. Adverse ratings of teaching quality lowered learning motivation. Support and conscientiousness bolstered learning motivation and conscientiousness buffered against the adverse impact of stress on motivation. Openness was associated with the stress involved in learning. For those anxious-prone, defensive-pessimism was as effective as optimism was in stimulating learning motivation. Developing context control, support and strategies linked to personality could bolster student resilience during and post Covid-19.

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Section: Coping With Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of stress, personality and coping on learning motivation and mental health in university students during a pandemic

Gibbons

2022

BMC Psychol

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“…Extraverted individuals experience more positive moods (Watson & Clark, 1997), engender positive affect in others (Eaton & Funder, 2003), and have lower levels of emotion suppression (Vater & Schröder-Abé, 2015). Indeed, the link between behaving in an extraverted manner and experiencing positive affect has consistently emerged from personality science (Fleeson et al, 2002;Kuijpers et al, 2021;McNiel & Fleeson, 2006;McNiel et al, 2010;Smillie et al, 2012Smillie et al, , 2015Watson & Clark, 1997;Zelenski et al, 2013). Moreover, in research probing the mediators of the relationship between enacting extraversion and positive affect, evidence suggests that positive social experiences (e.g., perceived impact on social world, perceived contribution to a discussion) are likely mechanisms (Smillie, 2013).…”

Section: People Remaining In the Leadership Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting extraversion and leadership emergence: A social network churn perspective.

Landis¹,

Jachimowicz²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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One of the classic relationships in personality psychology is that extraversion is associated with emerging as an informal leader. However, recent findings raise questions about the longevity of extraverted individuals as emergent leaders. Here, we adopt a social network churn perspective to study the number of people entering, remaining in, and leaving the leadership networks of individuals over time. We propose that extraverted individuals endure as emergent leaders in networks over time, but experience significant changes in the people being led, including the loss of people who once considered them a leader but now no longer do. In Study 1 (N = 545), extraverted individuals had a larger number of new and remaining people in their leadership networks, but also lost more people, above and beyond differences in initial leadership network size. In Study 2 (N = 764), we replicated and extended these results in an organizational sample while controlling for alternative explanations such as formal rank, network size, self-monitoring, and narcissism. Extraversion predicted the number of people entering, remaining in, and leaving leadership networks over time. Our findings suggest that while extraverted individuals tend to emerge as leaders, they are also more likely to experience greater network churn-they tend to lead different people over time and leave people in their wake who once perceived them a leader but now no longer do. We discuss the challenges posed by this network churn perspective for extraverted emergent leaders and highlight its importance for our understanding of extraversion and emergent leadership.

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“…It is therefore essential to look beyond isolated effects and include a cumulative effects assessment. One study that explored cumulative effects of counterhabitual behavior revealed that cumulative negative deviations from one's baseline (i.e., acting less extraverted than usual) related negatively to positive feelings, while cumulative positive deviations (i.e., acting more extraverted than usual) were positively related to positive feelings (Kuijpers et al, 2021). It remains an open question, however, whether similar effects hold for conscientiousness.…”

Section: Concurrent Lagged and Cumulative Effects Of Conscientiousnes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, sample size in terms of the number of repeated measurements was similar with N = 1,699 repeated measures from 157 participants. For cumulative effects, Kuijpers et al (2021) collected 347 cumulative (weekly) observations from 83 individuals (in their Study 1), showing that when people repeatedly behave more extraverted than they typically do, they experience more positive feelings. Our sample size was again similar with 344 cumulative (daily) observations from 117 individuals.…”

Section: Sample Size Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, neither the study of Pickett et al (2020), nor the study of Kuijpers et al (2021) analyzed the data using Dynamic Structural Equation Model (DSEM). Specifically for DSEM, Schultzberg and Muthén (2018) showed that the means of the random coefficients (i.e., the fixed effects) in a DSEM similar to ours (see below) perform well in terms of parameter bias with N > 15 and T ≥ 10.…”

Section: Sample Size Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does it pay off to act conscientiously, both now and later? Examining concurrent, lagged, and cumulative effects of state conscientiousness

et al. 2022

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Although previous research has shown that both trait and state conscientiousness are positively associated with a wide range of positive life and work outcomes, some studies indicate that acting in a conscientious way is effortful, and that behaving outside one’s conscientiousness related comfort zone (i.e., acting counterhabitual) may lead to cognitive or affective cost. Because these costs are not likely to be evident immediately, we examine how within-person fluctuations in conscientiousness relate to within-person fluctuations in emotional exhaustion, resource depletion, and negative affect, not only concurrently, but also in a delayed fashion and cumulated over time. In two experience sampling studies, we found that higher levels of conscientiousness are concurrently related to lower levels of emotional exhaustion, resource depletion, and negative affect. When looking at delayed effects, no conclusive evidence was found for affective or cognitive costs of (counterhabitual) conscientiousness. Finally, analyzing cumulative effects revealed that repeated negative deviations from one’s typical level of conscientiousness were positively associated to exhaustion, depletion, and negative affect, while repeated positive deviations were negatively associated with depletion and unrelated to exhaustion and negative affect. Altogether, our findings suggest that self-rated conscientious behavior is generally beneficial, even if this behavior goes against one’s typical behavior.

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Do You Feel Better When You Behave More Extraverted Than You Are? The Relationship Between Cumulative Counterdispositional Extraversion and Positive Feelings

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Understanding the role of stress, personality and coping on learning motivation and mental health in university students during a pandemic

Understanding the role of stress, personality and coping on learning motivation and mental health in university students during a pandemic

Revisiting extraversion and leadership emergence: A social network churn perspective.

Does it pay off to act conscientiously, both now and later? Examining concurrent, lagged, and cumulative effects of state conscientiousness

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