Do You have to Pay Attention to Your Feelings to be Influenced by Them?

Gasper, Karen; Clore, Gerald L.

doi:10.1177/0146167200268005

Cited by 138 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In contrast to our dysphoric sample, studies by Gasper and Clore (1998) have revealed that people with high trait anxiety do not reduce the impact of their current mood when making risk estimates, even if alternative sources for their current feelings are provided. Instead, they rely on their trait-consistent anxious affect that is perceived as relevant for the judgments to be made (see also Gasper and Clore 2000). Given these differences, the specific nature of our cue manipulation deserves further discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysphorics can control depressive mood’s informational impact on effort mobilization

2011

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Individuals' level of depression has been shown to systematically determine their amount of effortrelated cardiovascular reactivity (see Brinkmann and Gendolla in Motiv Emot, 31:71-82, 2007; J Pers Soc Psychol, 94:146-157, 2008). By means of a mood cue manipulation the present study aimed at providing a conclusive test whether this is due to the informational impact of depressed mood. After habituation, students with low versus high depression scores worked on a memory task under ''do-your-best'' instructions. Half of them received a cue before the task, suggesting that their current mood may have an impact during task performance. As expected, dysphoric participants showed higher systolic blood pressure reactivity during task performance than nondysphorics when no cue was given. This pattern was reversed in the cue condition, indicating that dysphorics effectively managed to reduce the depressive mood impact on their task demand appraisals and effort mobilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysphorics can control depressive mood’s informational impact on effort mobilization

2011

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“…There is broad consensus that emotions directly affect judgment, decision making, and information processing (Clore, Gasper, & Garvin, 2001;Gasper & Clore, 2000;Kahneman & Ritov, 1994;Lowenstein, Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001). Thus, it should come as no surprise that theorists have long posited a relation between emotions and delusional and peculiar beliefs (e.g., Kraepelin, 1899Kraepelin, /1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men in the low EA condition reported significantly higher levels of suspiciousness and lower levels of EA than men in the high EA condition. Women in both conditions reported equally high levels of EA, which were greater than those of men in both conditions, and the manipulation did not affect their levels of suspiciousness.There is broad consensus that emotions directly affect judgment, decision making, and information processing (Clore, Gasper, & Garvin, 2001;Gasper & Clore, 2000;Kahneman & Ritov, 1994;Lowenstein, Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001). Thus, it should come as no surprise that theorists have long posited a relation between emotions and delusional and peculiar beliefs (e.g., Kraepelin, 1899Kraepelin, /1989.…”

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confidence: 99%

Emotional awareness, gender, and suspiciousness

Boden

Berenbaum

2007

Cognition & Emotion

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We investigated the causal relation between emotional awareness (EA) and suspiciousness, and whether this relation is moderated by gender. After inducing an unpleasant mood, we manipulated EA by having participants read one of two versions of a story (the high EA condition provided cues to what the participant was feeling and why, whereas the low EA condition did not). Following the manipulation, one sample of participants completed a measure of suspiciousness, and a second, independent sample of participants described their emotional state. Emotional Awareness Condition × Gender effects were obtained for suspiciousness and EA. Men in the low EA condition reported significantly higher levels of suspiciousness and lower levels of EA than men in the high EA condition. Women in both conditions reported equally high levels of EA, which were greater than those of men in both conditions, and the manipulation did not affect their levels of suspiciousness.There is broad consensus that emotions directly affect judgment, decision making, and information processing (Clore, Gasper, & Garvin, 2001;Gasper & Clore, 2000;Kahneman & Ritov, 1994;Lowenstein, Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001). Thus, it should come as no surprise that theorists have long posited a relation between emotions and delusional and peculiar beliefs (e.g., Kraepelin, 1899Kraepelin, /1989. In fact, unpleasant emotions are primary components of several contemporary models of delusions, including persecutory delusions (e.g., Freeman, Garety, Kuipers, Fowler, & Bebbington, 2002;Zigler & Glick, 1988). In support of these theories and models, empirical research examining clinical populations has found a relation between persecutory delusions and unpleasant emotions such as depression, fear, worry, and anger (e.g., Freeman & Garety, 1999;Kennedy, Kemp, & Dyer, 1992). Similarly, several studies conducted with non-clinical populations have also found a relation between suspiciousness (which we distinguish from paranoia as being of less than delusional severity), and unpleasant emotions, such as general unhappiness, depression, anger, and social anxiety (e.g., Martin & Penn, 2001;Rawlings & Freeman, 1996).That there is an association between suspiciousness/paranoia and increased levels of unpleasant affect is not in doubt. However, the experience of unpleasant affect may be only one of several facets of emotional experience that contribute to the development and maintenance of suspiciousness/paranoia. Models of paranoia have typically focused on excesses of unpleasant affect as a causal factor. We posit that emotional awareness (EA) is a second facet of emotional © 2007 Psychology PressCorrespondence should be addressed to: M. Tyler Boden, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61821, USA. mboden@s.psych.uiuc.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study pu...

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“…For example, we included a manipulation check in all four experiments right after viewing the video. Attribution of the incidentally aroused emotion to the video may have dampened elevation's effect on attitudes toward gay men (Gasper & Clore, 2000;Schwarz & Clore, 2003). It is possible that removing the manipulation check after the video will magnify these effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral elevation reduces prejudice against gay men

Lai

Haidt

Nosek

2013

Cognition and Emotion

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Disgust is linked to social evaluation. People with higher disgust sensitivity exhibit more sexual prejudice (Inbar, Pizarro, Knobe, & Bloom, 2009), and inducing disgust increases sexual prejudice (Dasgupta, DeSteno, Williams, & Hunsinger, 2009). We tested whether inducing moral elevation, the theoretical opposite of disgust, would reduce sexual prejudice. In four studies (N = 3,622), we induced elevation with inspiring videos and then measured sexual prejudice with implicit and explicit measures. Compared to control videos that elicited no particular affective state, we found that elevation reduced implicit and explicit sexual prejudice, albeit very slightly.No effect was observed when the target of social evaluation was changed to race (Black-White).Inducing amusement, another positive emotion, did not significantly affect sexual prejudice. We conclude that elevation weakly but reliably reduces prejudice toward gay men.Word count = 131 Keywords = attitudes, prejudice, sexual orientation, elevation, Implicit Association Test ELEVATION REDUCES PREJUDICE 3 Moral Elevation Reduces Prejudice Against Gay Men Emotions alter evaluations of outgroups. Disgust, in particular, is associated with physical and social repulsion from people with physical deformities or disease (Rozin, Haidt, & McCauley, 2008). Disgust is best understood as an emotion that evolved to protect human beings from pathogens ingested via the mouth. However, in all cultures studied, the elicitors of disgust have expanded to include social elicitors, such as certain classes of people or behaviors (Rozin et al., 2008). Most generally, disgust leads to repulsion from people who engage in behaviors perceived to be morally degrading or inhuman (Schaller & Park, 2011). One class of people commonly treated as disgusting is gay men. Sensitivity to disgust is related to greater sexual prejudice (i.e., negative attitudes toward gay people; Herek, 2009;Inbar, Pizarro, Knobe, & Bloom, 2009). Experimentally induced disgust from unrelated sources leads to increased sexual prejudice (Dasgupta, DeSteno, Williams, & Hunsinger, 2009). Conversely, priming thoughts of gay men leads to greater disgust toward unrelated stimuli (Tapias, Glaser, Keltner, Vasquez, & Wickens, 2007). If inducing disgust can increase sexual prejudice, then inducing the opposite of disgust could decrease sexual prejudice.What is the opposite of disgust? Haidt ( , 2006 suggested that it is moral elevation, an emotion that is elicited by witnessing acts of moral beauty such as charity, gratitude, generosity, or loyalty (Algoe & Haidt, 2009;Haidt, , 2004Keltner & Haidt, 2003). Disgust, including moral disgust, leads people to feel degraded and leads them to close themselves off to others (Rozin et al., 2008). Experiences of elevation, in contrast, lead people to report feeling uplifted, inspired, more open to others, and more motivated to engage in prosocial behavior themselves (Algoe & Haidt, 2009;Schnall, Roper, & Fessler, 2010).While emotion inductions have been used to increase social ...

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Do You have to Pay Attention to Your Feelings to be Influenced by Them?

Cited by 138 publications

References 16 publications

Dysphorics can control depressive mood’s informational impact on effort mobilization

Dysphorics can control depressive mood’s informational impact on effort mobilization

Emotional awareness, gender, and suspiciousness

Moral elevation reduces prejudice against gay men

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