DOC and its relationship to algae in bottom ice communities

Smith, Ralph E. H.; Gosselin, Michel; Kudoh, Sakae; Robineau, B.; Taguchi, Satoru

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(96)00029-2

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The dissolved organic pools were less dynamic and showed little connection to algae. This result contrasts with other studies that have found a correlation between DOC and ice algae or other organic pools in the bottom layer of Arctic sea ice (Smith et al 1997, Riedel et al 2008. However, those studies sampled ice that supported much denser algal blooms, with peak chl a concentrations at least an order of magnitude higher than in the samples presented here.…”

Section: Organic Pools In Sediment-free Icecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Less research attention has focused on POC in the upper ice layers, where biomass is comparatively low. DOC measurements in sea ice are relatively rare compared to POC measurements (Smith et al 1997, Riedel et al 2008. Smith et al (1997) and Riedel et al (2008) found significant positive correlations between sea-ice DOC and chlorophyll concentration in the bottom-most layer of first-year Arctic sea ice, although a clear relationship between organismal abundance and DOC in sea ice is not always apparent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

Juhl

Krembs²,

Meiners³

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The temporal evolution of ice algae biomass, particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC), and particulate and dissolved carbohydrates (pCHO and dCHO) was followed in land-fast, Arctic sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, USA. POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO were found in young ice before algal growth occurred, indicating initial allochthonous sources. In sediment-free ice, particulate organic pools (POC and pCHO) were more strongly related to ice algae biomass than the larger dissolved organic pools (DOC and dCHO). Although algae biomass peaked near the ice bottom, integrating across ice depth showed that most organic matter was found above the bottom layer. Sediment-containing ice held high organic matter concentrations, although peak ice algae biomass was lower than in sediment-free ice. Sediments incorporated in sea ice can be a source of allochthonous organic matter that is comparable to autochthonous contributions by ice algae. In late spring, much of the algae biomass in sediment-free ice was lost, in as little as 5 d. Nevertheless, large POC, DOC, pCHO, and dCHO pools remained in the ice, both near the bottom and in upper layers. Observations of natural ice cores melting in laboratory experiments demonstrated a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) remaining attached to the ice bottom, even as the ice structure melted away. This retained EPS may partly explain the POC and carbohydrate pools found in sea ice after the loss of algae. Differential retention of organic matter by seasonal sea ice suggests that the characteristics of material exported from the ice will change as the melt season progresses. The melting bottom of a sea ice core reveals a network of extracellular polymeric substances to which ice algae are attached.

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Section: Organic Pools In Sediment-free Icecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

Juhl

Krembs²,

Meiners³

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The zero salinity intercepts from FB and eastern HB surface water DOC-salinity relationships allowed the inference of a DOC ice melt end member that ranged between 45 and 61 mmol L 21 . This ice melt dilution effect agrees with recent studies (Shin and Tanaka 2004;Mathis et al 2007); however, it is contrary to previous studies that suggest a potential increase of surface DOC to be associated with sea ice melt (Smith et al 1997;Scully and Miller 2000;Anderson 2002). The opposing concentrating and diluting influence of sea ice melt in the literature can be explained through sea ice desalination processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Riverine export and the effects of circulation on dissolved organic carbon in the Hudson Bay system, Canada

Gosselin

Starr

Michelc

2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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The distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Hudson Bay (HB), Foxe Basin (FB), and Hudson Strait (HS) was examined during 01-14 August 2003. The HB system displayed relatively high DOC concentrations with medians of 109, 90, and 100 mmol L 21 for measurements made in HB, FB, and HS, respectively. Waters were significantly modified as they circulated through the HB system. An influence of marine-derived DOC was inferred for waters entering the system from northern HS and FB. The presence of a cold-water layer and elevated DOC concentrations observed in HB along the western coast and at depth was explained through either brine rejection and export of surface DOC to depth during sea ice formation or the decomposition of a settling algal bloom. As waters circulated in HB, an input of terrigenous DOC was the dominant modifying factor. In particular, DOC-laden rivers in southern HB increased the DOC concentration and then displayed a conservative behavior as water exited the bay along the southern coast of HS. Additionally, the late stages of ice melt observed during this study showed a significant dilution effect on surface DOC concentrations within eastern HB. Input and export of riverine DOC in the HB system was estimated at , 5.5 Tg C yr 21 , which is approximately 23% of the annual DOC input from rivers draining directly into the central Arctic Ocean and therefore represents an important contribution of terrigenous carbon to northern seas.

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“…3 and 4) demonstrate that the CDOM accumulation in bottom sea ice during the high chl-a phases is clearly associated with ice algal growth, which is consistent with previous reports showing that extracellular release of DOC constitutes a major portion (~40%) of primary production in sea ice Smith et al, 1997). The disconnection between a CDOMi (325) and [chl-a] during the early bloom stage, however, suggests that ice algae do not produce CDOM until some other drivers are fully developed and involved, such as lysis and grazing (Thomas et al, 1995).…”

Section: Sources and Sinks Of Cdom In Sea Icesupporting

confidence: 89%

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in first-year sea ice in the western Canadian Arctic

et al. 2014

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We monitored the spatiotemporal progression of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in first-year sea ice in the western Canadian Arctic between mid-March and early July 2008. CDOM abundance in bottom ice, as quantified by absorption coefficient at 325 nm, a CDOM (325), showed a positive, linear relationship with the concentration of chlorophyll a, being low at the start of ice algal accumulation, highly enriched during the peak bloom and early post-bloom, and depleted again during sea ice melting. Vertical profiles of CDOM in early and late spring were typically characterized by slight to moderate elevations at both the surface and bottom and rather constancy within the interior ice. In the ice algae-thriving mid-spring, L-type profiles prevailed due to extremely high CDOM in the lowermost 10-cm layer. Bottom-layer CDOM in landfast ice (a CDOM (325): 15.8 m ). CDOM in the ice cover, except the bottom layer, was generally lower than or similar to that in the under-ice surface water. Salinity accounted for 58% of the CDOM variability in drift ice having minimal terrestrial and ice algal signatures. CDOM absorption spectra of algaerich bottom ice samples exhibited ultraviolet (UV) absorption shoulders attributable to mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). These compounds were readily photodegradable by solar UV radiation. Our results suggest that 1) inclusion of organic solutes and in situ biological production are the dominant processes controlling the distribution of CDOM in sea ice in the study area, 2) biological production in bottom ice is a minor source of CDOM to the underlying surface water; 3) CDOM plays a critical role in shielding sympagic organisms in bottom ice against UV radiation; 4) the MAAs are effective photoprotectants only under low-UV conditions.

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DOC and its relationship to algae in bottom ice communities

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

Seasonal development and differential retention of ice algae and other organic fractions in first-year Arctic sea ice

Riverine export and the effects of circulation on dissolved organic carbon in the Hudson Bay system, Canada

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in first-year sea ice in the western Canadian Arctic

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