Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are converted by 3T3-L1 adipocytes to N-acyl ethanolamines with anti-inflammatory properties

Time-dependent effect of in vivo inflammation on eicosanoid and endocannabinoid levels in plasma, liver, ileum and adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice fed a fish-oil diet

“…Interestingly, the latter study also showed that AEA and 2-AG levels correlated with markers of inflammation and tissue damage, and that targeting CB2 receptors resulted in decreased inflammatory responses after reperfusion stress. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of DHEA and EPEA [15,16] and binding to CB2 [40], their levels might also be involved in limiting hepatic tissue damage during inflammatory or reperfusion stress.…”

“…Antiinflammatory properties have been described for the n-3 fatty acid derived NAEs docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) (see Fig. 1), and these compounds were more potent than AEA in inhibiting nitric oxide release from macrophages [15,16]. Increased levels of NAEs during inflammation have been described in several in vitro and animals models [17][18][19], and are observed in parallel with decreased expression of the primary NAE degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) [18].…”

Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates in endocannabinoid synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with benzo(a)pyrene and lipopolysaccharide

“…Meijerink et al (2011) demonstrated that EPEA and DHEA both attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in a macrophage cell line. Some studies showed that DHEA has antiinflammatory properties in macrophages which are at least partly mediated through an interaction with the CB2 receptor (Balvers et al, 2010;Kim and Watkins, 2014). Recent studies have shown that EPA and DHA can form endocannabinoids that are ligands for CB1 and CB2 receptors and possibly TRPV-1.…”

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“…The renoprotective effects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) may be attributed to anti-inflammatory properties that may include decreased production of inflammatory mediators, a block of signaling cascades that are important in the generation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and a block of angiotensin II signaling in the kidney. 10,22,23 Remaining nephron mass may act synergistically with polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo. Therefore, recipients of nonrenal solid-organ transplants who have pretransplant kidney dysfunction may benefit from fish oil supplementation that may attenuate calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity.…”