Docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid supplementation alter rat skeletal muscle fatty acid composition

Lim, Seongyop; Salem, Norman

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-6-13

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Like DHA, other LC-PUFAs, such as DPAn-6 and DPAn-3, and lipoxygenases are found in varying amounts in blood and several tissues, suggesting that these or other DPA-derived resolvins could be produced physiologically and act as bioactive mediators (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52). However, actual biological production of these DPAn-6-derived resolvins remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Synthesis, Purification, and Chemical Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Resolvins Derived from Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn-6)

Dangi¹,

Obeng²,

Nauroth³

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Chem. 278, 14677-14687). Our objective was to determine whether similar derivatives are enzymatically synthesized from other C-22 fatty acids and whether these molecules possess inflammation resolution properties. The reaction of DHA, DPAn-3, and DPAn-6 with 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenases produced oxylipins, which were identified and characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. DPAn-6 and DPAn-3 proved to be good substrates for 15-lipoxygenase. 15-Lipoxygenase proved to be the most efficient enzyme of the three tested for conversion of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to corresponding oxylipins. Since DPAn-6 is a major component of Martek DHA-S TM oil, we focused our attention on reaction products obtained from the DPAn-6 and 15-lipoxygenase reaction. (17S)-hydroxy-DPAn-6 and (10,17S)-dihydroxy-DPAn-6 were the main products of this reaction. These compounds were purified by preparatory high performance liquid chromatography techniques and further characterized by NMR, UV spectrophotometry, and tandem mass spectrometry. We tested both compounds in two animal models of acute inflammation and demonstrated that both compounds are potent anti-inflammatory agents that are active on local intravenous as well as oral administration. These oxygenated DPAn-6 compounds can thus be categorized as a new class of DPAn-6-derived resolvins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Synthesis, Purification, and Chemical Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Resolvins Derived from Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn-6)

Dangi¹,

Obeng²,

Nauroth³

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Epididymal fat pads were collected to represent adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle is represented by soleus muscle. The fatty acid compositions of red and white gastrocnemius muscles are presented elsewhere (15).…”

Section: Animals and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four AR groups were fed an 18:2n-6-based diet (AR-LA), an 18:2n-6-based diet with 1% of total fatty acids as 22:5n-6 (AR-DPAn-6), an 18:2n-6-based diet with 1% of total fatty acids as 22:6n-3 (AR-DHA), and an 18:2n-6-based diet with 1% of total fatty acids as 22:6n-3 and 0.4% of total fatty acids as 22:5n-6 diet (AR-DHA1DPAn-6) ( Table 1). Rat pups were hand-reared until capable of feeding from bottle nipples ad libitum after eye opening (postnatal day [14][15]. Pups were eventually weaned to a pelleted diet with a similar fatty acid composition to their respective artificial milks; the DAM group was transferred to the maternal diet ( Table 2).…”

Section: Animals and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial rearing with docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid alters rat tissue fatty acid composition

Lim

Salem

2007

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…To obtain muscle fibers representing fast-oxidative (type IIafast twitch), fast-glycolytic (type IIb-fast twitch), and slow-oxidative (type I-slow twitch) types, the red gastrocnemius, white gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were dissected from the lower shank of the right-side rear leg, as described by Stark, Lim, and Salem (50). Whereas the soleus is found as a single muscle bundle, red and white gastrocnemius are actually zones of tissue located within the margin and center portions, respectively, of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius.…”

Section: Sampling Of Various Animal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats

DeMar

DiMartino

Baca

et al. 2008

Journal of Lipid Research

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a crucial nervous system n-3 PUFA, may be obtained in the diet or synthesized in vivo from dietary a-linolenic acid (LNA). We addressed whether DHA synthesis is regulated by the availability of dietary DHA in artificially reared rat pups, during p8 to p28 development. Over 20 days, one group of rat pups was continuously fed deuterium-labeled LNA (d5-LNA) and no other n-3 PUFA (d5-LNA diet), and a second group of rat pups was fed a d5-LNA diet with unlabeled DHA (d5-LNA 1 DHA diet). The rat pups were then euthanized, and the total amount of deuterium-labeled docosahexaenoic acid (d5-DHA) (synthesized DHA) as well as other n-3 fatty acids present in various body tissues, was quantified. In the d5-LNA 1 DHA group, the presence of dietary DHA led to a marked decrease (3-to 5-fold) in the total amount of d5-DHA that accumulated in all tissues that we examined, except in adipose. Overall, DHA accretion from d5-DHA was generally diminished by availability of dietary preformed DHA, inasmuch as this was found to be the predominant source of tissue DHA. When preformed DHA was unavailable, d5-DHA and unlabeled DHA were preferentially accreted in some tissues along with a net loss of unlabeled DHA from other organs.-DeMar, Jr., J. C., C. DiMartino, A. W. Baca, W. Lefkowitz, and N. Salem, Jr. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats. J. Lipid Res. 2008Res. . 49: 1963Res. -1980 Supplementary key words essential fatty acids • lipid metabolism • early development • infant formula composition Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) is an n-3 PUFA that is particularly enriched in the phospholipids of cells constituting the mammalian nervous system (1, 2). Functionally, DHA enhances membrane elasticity and molecular motion and thus promotes signal transduction via enhanced protein/receptor interactions (3-6). DHA is also the activating ligand for multiple transcriptional factors that control the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and b-oxidation (7). DHA may be directly obtained in the diet, as preformed DHA, or synthesized in vivo from other common dietary n-3 PUFAs such as a-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), or docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) (8). All of these n-3 PUFAs may be converted in vivo to DHA through sequential steps of elongation, desaturation, and peroxisomal b-oxidation (9). Prolonged dietary deprivation of all n-3 PUFAs in rat pups, initiated prior to weaning, depletes up to 80% of their brain DHA (10-12). Such depletion of brain DHA in rodents leads to distinct impairments in brain function (11,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Piglets and monkeys also show impaired neural function when deprived of n-3 PUFA for an extended period during infancy (18,19). The essentiality of DHA for human infant nutrition in support of neuronal function has been shown by DHA supplementation, enhancing visual acuity and cognition-related test scores in human infants (20)(21)(2...

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Docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid supplementation alter rat skeletal muscle fatty acid composition

Abstract: Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Biogenic Synthesis, Purification, and Chemical Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Resolvins Derived from Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn-6)

Biogenic Synthesis, Purification, and Chemical Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Resolvins Derived from Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn-6)

Artificial rearing with docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid alters rat tissue fatty acid composition

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats

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