Docosahexaenoic acid regulates gene expression in HUVEC cells treated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates in endocannabinoid synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with benzo(a)pyrene and lipopolysaccharide

“…After experiments with endothelial (HUVEC) and lung epithelial cell lines (A549), we also demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and DHA supplementation have a high therapeutic value under exposure of PAHs (Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2015a. We also observed that DHA down-regulated CYP1A1 and up-regulated the AhR and PTGS2 genes, which suggested that DHA contributes significantly to the alleviation of the harmful effects caused by PAHs in endothelial cells (Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2015a,b).…”

“…Inflammation is associated with many disorders such as inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cancer (Clària et al, 2011;Davidson et al, 2012;Calder, 2015;Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2013, 2015a,b, 2016. Mechanisms to curtail the inflammatory response and promote its resolution are of immense interest (Clària et al, 2011;Meijerink et al, 2011;Serhan and Petasis, 2011;Davidson et al, 2012;Wahli and Michalik, 2012;Fritsche, 2015).…”

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large family of toxic compounds generated from the combustion of organic materials, diesel exhaust, and industrial waste. Some PAHs are classified as human carcinogens, and also elicit a broad spectrum of toxic responses in human and animals (Kelley et al, 1997;Hanzalova et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2015;Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2015a. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a principle indicator of carcinogenic PAHs.…”

“…Oxidative stress caused by lipid peroxidation through free radicals is believed to be one of the key factors underlying chronic diseases (Kim et al, 2015;Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2013;Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2015a). Further genetic and biochemical studies are necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in PAH-induced modulation of gene expression and to identify their effects on human health (Kim et al, 2015;Banks et al, 2016;GdulaArgasi nska et al, 2016).…”

“…UNSFAs are released from membranes or storage lipids and transformed enzymatically into lipid mediators including eicosanoids and endocannabinoids (ECBs) (Han et al, 2009;Balvers et al, 2010, Kendall andNicolaou, 2013;Kim and Watkins, 2014). The formation and actions of these lipid mediators depend to a great extent on the prevalence of precursor fatty acid (FA), and can be influenced by diet or supplementation (Clària et al, 2011;Serhan and Petasis, 2011;Brown et al, 2013;Gdula-Argasi nska et al, 2013, 2015a. Many of the downstream products of UNSFA are bioactive compounds controlling physiological functions, metabolism, homeostasis, and are also involved in the inflammation and immunity that relates to the pathology of various diseases.…”