Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3): A review of its biological effects

Kaur, Gunveen; Cameron‐Smith, David; Garg, Manohar L.; Sinclair, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2010.07.004

Cited by 287 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These effects were likely related to the production of resolvins and protectins (38,39,40,42). Moreover, it has been shown that n-3 DPA and MAG-DPA are likely metabolized by 5-LO, 15-LO, and CYP450 epoxygenase pathways in mediating these effects (12,27,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPA and DHA reduce the expression of genes for interleukin (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1␤), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelial adhesion molecule, and E-selectin (9,13,52). However, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-3) has not been studied extensively because of the limited availability of the pure compound (27). DPA is an elongated metabolite of EPA and is an intermediary product between EPA and DHA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension

Morin

Hiram

Rousseau

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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S. Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307: H574 -H586, 2014. First published June 14, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00814.2013 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to reduce inflammation and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under pathophysiological conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of the newly synthesized docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) on key signaling pathways in pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis has yet to be assessed. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of MAG-DPA on pulmonary inflammation and remodeling occurring in a rat model of PH, induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT: 60 mg/kg). Our results demonstrate that MAG-DPA treatment for 3 wk following MCT injection resulted in a significant improvement of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and a reduction in Fulton's Index (FI). Morphometric analyses revealed that the wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles was significantly lower in MCT ϩ MAG-DPA-treated rats compared with controls. This result was further correlated with a decrease in Ki-67 immunostaining. Following MAG-DPA treatments, lipid analysis showed a consistent increase in DPA together with lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA), as measured in blood and tissue samples. Furthermore, in MCT-treated rats, oral administration of MAG-DPA decreased NF-B and p38 MAPK activation, leading to a reduction in MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF expression levels in lung tissue homogenates. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-DPA in the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by MCT. docosapentaenoic acid; inflammation; pulmonary hypertension; nuclear factor-B; tumor necrosis factor-␣

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension

Morin

Hiram

Rousseau

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…Considerable amounts of ALA were metabolized to longer-chain n-3 fatty acids within the aorta, and a large proportion of ALA was converted to DPA. DPA has been associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 activity, a decrease in cellular TNF-␣, and the induction of gene modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects (28,35,36). Additionally, n-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA are activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression

Francis

Deniset

Austria

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Francis AA, Deniset JF, Austria JA, LaValleé RK, Maddaford GG, Hedley TE, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 304: H1743-H1751, 2013. First published April 12, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00606.2012.-Dietary flaxseed can retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, it remains unclear whether these antiatherogenic effects extend to plaque regression. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression and vascular contractile function was evaluated using a novel rabbit model. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either a regular diet for 12 wk (group I) or a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 4 wk followed by a regular diet for 8 wk (group II). The remaining experimental animals were treated as in group II but were fed for an additional 14 wk with either a regular diet (group III) or a 10% flaxseed-supplemented diet (group IV). Animals in group II showed clear evidence of plaque growth stabilization. Their vessels also exhibited significantly lower norepinephrine-induced contraction and an impaired relaxation response to acetylcholine compared with animals in group I. Dietary flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant Ϸ40% reduction in plaque formation (P ϭ 0.033). Animals in both groups II and III displayed improved contraction and endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation. Dietary flaxseed is a valuable strategy to accelerate the regression of atherosclerotic plaques; however, flaxseed intervention did not demonstrate a clear beneficial effect on the vessel contractile response and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. atherosclerosis; flaxseed; heart disease; regression; vascular contractile function CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) is currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Its prevalence continues to increase despite improved treatments for atherosclerosis and will reach epidemic proportions within a decade due to the escalating predominance of sedentary, unhealthy lifestyles (32, 51, 52). Atherosclerosis is orchestrated by a complex array of molecular and cellular events commencing after endothelial injury. The resultant plaques may continue to progress, ultimately causing acute events such as myocardial infarction and stroke (23,32). Recently, it has been shown that atherosclerotic plaques are highly dynamic and that their progression can be slowed, stopped, and even reversed by drug intervention (6,18,43). For example, aggressive risk modification with statin drug therapy can remove lipids and necrotic material, restore endothelial function and viability, and prevent vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype reversal, three processes involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation (18, 43).Akin to pharmaceuticals, functional foods can also be used to prevent and treat CVD. A functional food has a similar appearance to or may be a conventional food and may be consumed as part of a normal diet to have physiological benefits and/...

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“…Assuming that only a small amount of n-3 LCPUFA can be synthesized from the dietary precursor, at least in some women, a dietary source of n-3 LCPUFA is required during pregnancy and lactation to meet maternal and infant requirements. Although less is known about the role of DPA in fetal development, it has been suggested that there is some conversion to DHA and retro-conversion to EPA (Kaur et al 2011). There is also recent evidence that dietary intake of DPA is associated with neuroprotective effects (Kelly et al 2011) and heart health (Sun et al 2008), suggesting that DPA intake may have additional benefits if consumed during pregnancy and lactation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women who take n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements during pregnancy and lactation meet the recommended intake

Xiao-ming

Pakseresht

Wattar

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Abstract:The aim of the current study was to estimate total intake and dietary sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentanoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and compare DHA intakes with the recommended intakes in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls and supplement intake questionnaires were collected from 600 women in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort at each trimester of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Dietary intake was estimated in 2 ways: by using a commercial software program and by using a database created for APrON. Only 27% of women during pregnancy and 25% at 3 months postpartum met the current European Union (EU) consensus recommendation for DHA. Seafood, fish, and seaweed products contributed to 79% of overall n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intake from foods, with the majority from salmon. The estimated intake of DHA and EPA was similar between databases, but the estimated DPA intake was 20%-30% higher using the comprehensive database built for this study. Women who took a supplement containing DHA were 10.6 and 11.1 times more likely to meet the current EU consensus recommendation for pregnancy (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.952-16.07; P < 0.001) and postpartum (95% CI: 6.803-18.14; P < 0.001), respectively. Our results suggest that the majority of women in the cohort were not meeting the EU recommendation for DHA during pregnancy and lactation, but taking a supplement significantly improved the likelihood that they would meet recommendations.

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Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3): A review of its biological effects

Cited by 287 publications

References 53 publications

Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension

Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension

Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression

Women who take n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements during pregnancy and lactation meet the recommended intake

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