Document Structure

Abstract

We argue the case for abstract document structure as a separate descriptive level in the analysis and generation of written texts. The purpose of this representation is to mediate between the message of a text (i.e., its discourse structure) and its physical presentation (i.e., its organization into graphical constituents like sections, paragraphs, sentences, bulleted lists, figures, and footnotes). Abstract document structure can be seen as an extension of Nunberg's “text-grammar” it is also closely related to “logical” markup in languages like HTML and LaTEX. We show that by using this intermediate representation, several subtasks in language generation and language understanding can be defined more cleanly.

Integrated Linguistic Annotation Models and Their Application in the Domain of Antecedent Detection

“…In this article we investigate the question whether LDS can be applied for the task of anaphora resolution. Regarding language generation, [37] apply LDS (abstract document structure following the authors' terminology) in order to describe the abstract representation of a text -in contrast to its rhetorical structure or its realization (rendering). Whereas rhetorical structure is used to model the semantic content of a text, abstract document structure is used to model the hierarchical structure of textual entities.…”

SALT: Weaving the Claim Web

“…al analyze in [17] if the logical structure of the text can be incompatible with RST. The same authors later provide in [18] a deep analysis on how can the document structure help in the language generation process. Other approaches following the same direction but more focused on a particular domain are the ones presented in [19] and [20].…”

Generating Multimedia Presentations from Plain Text to Screen Play

“…To overcome these and other related limitations, we have introduced an additional level of representation -document structure -which is a realisation of rhetorical structure that is not necessary isomorphic to it (Power et al, 2003a). Document representations encode information about the graphical presentation of a document, such as textual level (paragraph, orthographic sentence etc.…”

“…Document structure can be seen as an extension to Nunberg's 'text-grammar' (Nunberg, 1990); it is also closely related to 'logical markup languages' like LaTeX and HTML. We are not able to describe document structure in much detail here, and refer the reader instead to (Power et al, 2003a). However, we think the reader will benefit from a small example, showing the transition from rhetorical structure to document structure and the eventual generated text.…”

“…However, we think the reader will benefit from a small example, showing the transition from rhetorical structure to document structure and the eventual generated text. Consider the following text, of the kind that can be generated by the ICONOCLAST system (Power et al, 2003a):…”