Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study

Steffick, Diane

doi:10.7826/isr-um.06.585031.001.05.0005.2000

Cited by 580 publications

(583 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The two response categories were those who reported having poor or fair health against all others. Depression was measured by an eight-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies -Depression (CES-D) scale (Radloff, 1977;Steffick, 2000). The cut-off point for its dichotomization was four or more depressive symptoms (Steffick, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depression was measured by an eight-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies -Depression (CES-D) scale (Radloff, 1977;Steffick, 2000). The cut-off point for its dichotomization was four or more depressive symptoms (Steffick, 2000). Long-standing illness or disability was assessed by the question: "Do you have any long-standing illness, disability or infirmity?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status

Demakakos

Nazroo

Breeze

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

586

519

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Studies have suggested that subjective social status (SSS) is an important predictor of health. This study examined the link between SSS and health in old age and investigated whether SSS mediated the associations between objective indicators of socioeconomic status and health. It used crosssectional data from the second wave (2004-05) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which were collected through personal interviews and nurse visits. The study population consisted of 3368 men and 4065 women aged 52 years or older. The outcome measures included: self-rated health, long-standing illness, depression, hypertension, diabetes, central obesity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein. The main independent variable was SSS measured using a scale representing a 10-rung ladder. Wealth, education, and occupational class were employed as covariates along with age and marital status and also, in additional analyses, as the main independent variables. Gender-specific logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. In age-adjusted analyses SSS was related positively to almost all health outcomes. Many of these relationships remained significant after adjustment for covariates. In men, SSS was significantly (p≤0.05) related to self-rated health, depression, and long-standing illness after adjustment for all covariates, while its association with fibrinogen became non-significant. In women, after adjusting for all covariates, SSS was significantly associated with self-rated health, depression, long-standing illness, diabetes, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but its associations with central obesity and C-reactive protein became non-significant. Further analysis suggested that SSS mediated fully or partially the associations between education, occupational class and self-reported and clinical health measures. On the contrary, SSS did not mediate wealth's associations with the outcome measures, except those with self-reported health measures. Our results suggest that SSS is an important correlate of health in old age, possibly because of its ability to epitomize life-time achievement and socioeconomic status.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status

Demakakos

Nazroo

Breeze

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

586

519

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“…34,35 Using a cutoff of 3 or more has been found to have a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 79% for the diagnosis of major depression compared to structured diagnostic interview. 36 We used a cutoff score of 4 or higher on the 8-item CES-D to define substantial depressive symptoms because this threshold was estimated to be comparable to the cutoff score of 16 or higher on the full CES-D by HRS investigators, 37 and has been used in several prior studies. 38–40 We defined pre-sepsis substantial depressive symptoms as a CES-D score reaching threshold at any interview before severe sepsis, while post-sepsis substantial depressive symptoms was defined similarly for any interview after severe sepsis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Davydow¹,

Hough²,

Langa³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objectives To examine if incident severe sepsis is associated with increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms and to assess which patient characteristics are associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Population-based cohort of older U.S. adults interviewed as part of the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2006). Participants 439 patients who survived 471 hospitalizations for severe sepsis and completed at least one follow-up interview. Measurements Depressive symptoms were assessed with a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Severe sepsis was identified using a validated algorithm in Medicare claims. Results The point prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms was 28% at a median of 1.2 years before sepsis, and remained 28% at a median of 0.9 years after sepsis. Neither incident severe sepsis [Relative Risk (RR) 1.00, 95%Confidence Interval (95%CI) (0.73, 1.34)] nor severe sepsis-related clinical characteristics were significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. These results were robust to potential threats from missing data or alternative outcome definitions. After adjustment, pre-sepsis substantial depressive symptoms [RR 2.20, 95%CI (1.66, 2.90)] and worse post-sepsis functional impairment [RR 1.08 per new limitation, 95%CI (1.03, 1.13)] were independently associated with substantial depressive symptoms following sepsis. Conclusions The prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms in severe sepsis survivors is high, but is not increased relative to their pre-sepsis levels. Identifying this large subset of severe sepsis survivors at increased risk for major depression, and beginning interventions prior to hospital discharge, may improve outcomes.

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“…Data on self-reported doctor-diagnosed cardiovascular morbidity (hypertension, angina, heart attack, congestive heart failure, heart murmur, abnormal heart rhythm and stroke) and self-reported doctor-diagnosed noncardiovascular morbidity (chronic lung disease, asthma, arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer/malignant tumour excluding minor skin cancers, Parkinson's disease, emotional/nervous/ psychiatric problems, Alzheimer's disease and dementia or other serious memory impairment) were also used. Depressive symptoms were assessed as the summary score of the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale dichotomised around the cut-point of four or more depressive symptoms [10]. Because anthropometric data were not collected at baseline (wave 1), we calculated BMI by using pre-ELSA data on height and weight that were collected by nurses during a clinical examination in ELSA wave 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-intensity physical activity is associated with reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes in older adults: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

et al. 2010

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Aims/hypothesis We examined whether small amounts of low-intensity physical activity were associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a national sample of people aged 50 years and over. Methods The sample comprised 7,466 individuals (55.9% women) free from self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes and was prospectively followed for a mean of 45.3 months. Baseline self-reported physical activity was categorised as physical inactivity, low-and vigorous/moderate-intensity physical activity at least once a week. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model the association between baseline physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes. Results Vigorous/moderate-intensity physical activity at least once a week was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95, p=0.026) but lowintensity physical activity at least once a week was not (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.58-1.30, p=0.497) after adjustment for all covariates. However, age-stratified analysis showed that low-intensity physical activity at least once a week was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes for those aged 70 years and over (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28-1.02, p= 0.059), but not for those aged 50 to 59 years (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.29, p=0.828) or those aged 60 to 69 years (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.55-2.41, p=0.715) after adjustment for all covariates. Conclusions/interpretation Compared with physical inactivity, any type of physical activity was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in adults aged 70 years and over, while in adults aged 50 to 69 years, physical activity needed to be vigorous/moderate in intensity to be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

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Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study

Cited by 580 publications

References 22 publications

Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status

Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status

Symptoms of Depression in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

Low-intensity physical activity is associated with reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes in older adults: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

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