Documenting neotropical diversity of phoronids with <scp>DNA</scp> barcoding of planktonic larvae

Collin, Rachel; Venera‐Pontón, Dagoberto E.; Driskell, Amy C.; Macdonald, Kenneth S.; Chan, Kit Yu Karen; Boyle, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/ivb.12242

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…There are numerous and diverse examples of how DNA barcoding can bring hidden diversity to light. Studies of seemingly cosmopolitan species of marine invertebrates commonly uncover cryptic taxa (e.g., Barroso, Klautau, Solé‐Cava, & Paiva, ; Collin, ; Cornils Wend‐Heckmann & Held, ; Jossart, Sands, & Sewell, ; Kawauchi & Giribet, ; Pérez‐Portela, Arranz, Rius, & Turon, ), and previous barcoding studies of larvae have discovered local diversity that was not appreciated from studies of adults (Barber & Boyce, ; Collin, Venera‐Pontón, Driskell, Macdonald, Chan, et al, ; Mahon et al, ; Maslakova et al unpublished data). Here we sextupled the documented species diversity of acorn worms reported for the Tropical Eastern Pacific, with only moderate sampling effort of planktonic larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although surveys of adults are typically used for documenting local diversity, they may be of limited use for taxa that are particularly difficult to collect, or which occur at depths not easily reached by SCUBA diving. In the few cases where they have been undertaken, surveys of larval diversity have resulted in the discovery of species not documented by studies of adults from the same location (Barber & Boyce, ; Collin, Venera‐Pontón, Driskell, MacDonald, & Boyle, ; Collin, Venera‐Pontón, Driskell, Macdonald, Chan, et al, ; Mahon, Thornhill, Norenburg, & Halanych, ; S. A. Maslakova, unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics

Collin

Venera‐Pontón

Driskell

et al. 2019

Invertebrate Biology

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The diversity of tropical marine invertebrates is poorly documented, especially those groups for which collecting adults is difficult. We collected the planktonic tornaria larvae of hemichordates (acorn worms) to assess their hidden diversity in the Neotropics. Larvae were retrieved in plankton tows from waters of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, followed by DNA barcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA to estimate their diversity in the region. With moderate sampling efforts, we discovered six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast, in contrast to the single species previously recorded for the entire Tropical Eastern Pacific. We found eight OTUs in Bocas del Toro province on the Caribbean coast, compared to seven species documented from adults in the entire Caribbean. All OTUs differed from each other and from named acorn worm sequences in GenBank by >10% pairwise distance in COI and >2% in 16S. Two of our OTUs matched 16S hemichordate sequences in GenBank: one was an unidentified or unnamed Balanoglossus from the Caribbean of Panama, and the other was an unidentified ptychoderid larva from the Bahamas. The species accumulation curves suggest that nearly all the species have been collected and only one more species might still remain undetected in the Pacific. In contrast, the Caribbean species accumulation curve suggests that further sampling could yield more than 10 additional OTUs. Tornaria from the 14 OTUs exhibited typical planktotrophic morphologies, and, in some cases, may be distinguished by differences in pigmentation and by the number of telotrochal ciliary bands, but in general, few diagnostic differences were detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics

Collin

Venera‐Pontón

Driskell

et al. 2019

Invertebrate Biology

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“…It is common for DNA barcoding studies of larvae to detect more or different species than have been detected in surveys of adult diversity (e.g., [18,[44][45][46]). This has been the case with surveys of phoronid and nemertean larvae in Panama using the same methods as described here [18,47]. However, our study of brachiopod larvae appears to be an exception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caribbean samples were collected in the Bahia Almirante in Bocas del Toro Province and Pacific samples were collected in the Bay of Panama. Details of our collections are given in reference [18]. Briefly, Caribbean larvae were collected with a 0.5 m diameter 125 µm mesh plankton net towed behind a small boat that was moving with the engine in neutral.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the 16S rRNA gene, both commonly used barcode fragments, were sequenced with the aim of identifying larva to species level, while 18S, which evolves much more slowly, was sequenced with the aim of confirming the family-level or possibly genus-level identity. In addition to the primers listed in Table 1, the phoronid-specific primers described in reference [18] were tested but failed to amplify the 16S fragment from samples that did not amplify with the other primer pairs. The PCR cocktail included 5 µL GoTaq Hot Start Mix (Promega), 0.1 µL 20 µg/µL BSA, 0.3 µL each 10 mM primer and 0.5 µL dNTPs (2.5 mM each) in a total volume of 10 µL.…”

Section: Dna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planktotrophic Brachiopod Larvae from the Pacific and Caribbean of Panama

et al. 2018

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Lingulids and discinids are the only brachiopods that exhibit life histories that include a feeding planktonic stage usually referred to as a “larva”. We collected planktotrophic brachiopod larvae from the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama and took a DNA barcoding approach with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), mitochondrial ribosomal 16S, and nuclear ribosomal 18S genes to identify those larvae and to estimate their diversity in the region. We observed specimens from both coasts with distinct morphologies typical of lingulid and discinid larvae. COI and 16S were sequenced successfully for the lingulid larvae but failed consistently for all discinid larvae. 18S was sequenced successfully for larvae from both families. Sequence data from each gene revealed one lingulid operational taxonomic unit (OTU) from Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast, and one lingulid OTU from the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast. These OTUs differed by >20% for COI, >10% for 16S and ~0.5% for 18S. Both OTUs clustered with GenBank sequences of Glottidia species, the only genus of lingulids in the Americas, but were distinct from G. pyramidata the only species reported for the Caribbean. Analysis of 18S sequence data for discinid larvae recovered 2 OTUs, one exclusively from the Pacific and one with a mixture of Pacific and Caribbean larvae. The 18S marker does not provide enough resolution to distinguish between species, and comparisons with GenBank sequences suggest that one OTU includes Pelagodiscus species, while the other may include Discradisca species. When compared with other marine invertebrates, our surveys of brachiopod larvae through DNA barcoding show relatively low levels of diversity for Panama.

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Abundance and seasonality of phoronid larvae in coastal temperate waters: More abundant than previously thought?

et al. 2022

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In zooplankton surveys, many smaller taxa or species considered less important are often overlooked. One such example is the actinotrocha larvae of phoronid worms that are rarely quantified in zooplankton samples yet may play important roles in marine food webs. To gain a better understanding of phoronid ecology in coastal waters, we retrospectively analysed 145 plankton samples collected from two coastal sites in Ireland (Lough Hyne and Bantry Bay). Samples were collected using plankton nets from depths of 20 and 40 m. Phoronids were present in 37.7% and 38.2% of samples, with mean abundances of 0.3 ± 0.5 ind. m−3 and 1.2 ± 2.8 ind. m−3, respectively, and were identified as Phoronis muelleri and Phoronis hippocrepia. Phoronids were present consistently each year from April to October at Lough Hyne and from February to October at Bantry Bay. Comparisons with other taxa in Lough Hyne show that abundances are similar to those of fish larvae (1.1 ± 1.8 ind. m−3) and echinoderm larvae (2.3 ± 4.4 ind. m−3). Examination of these samples from Irish waters suggests that phoronids are more abundant in temperate waters than previously reported.

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Documenting neotropical diversity of phoronids with DNA barcoding of planktonic larvae

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics

Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics

Planktotrophic Brachiopod Larvae from the Pacific and Caribbean of Panama

Abundance and seasonality of phoronid larvae in coastal temperate waters: More abundant than previously thought?

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