Documenting the indigenous knowledge on medicinal flora from communities residing near Swat River (Suvastu) and in high mountainous areas in Swat-Pakistan

Traditional alcoholic beverages and their value in the local culture of the Alta Valle del Reno, a mountain borderland between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

“…Education level of informants proved not to be significantly correlated with any of the considered variables. These findings appear not to be in accordance with other ethnobotanical studies, whose results show that knowledge of both plants and plant uses generally increases with age and decreases with education level, at least in those communities suffering a strong erosion of traditional knowledge ([ 76 , 77 ] also for further references on this topic). Our data suggest instead that knowledge on TABs, owned mainly by elderly people of the community in the past, are very popular across different age and education groups, suggesting a possible transmission still ongoing across generations and social classes.…”

Observations on traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in humans and animals of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh in North-Western Himalaya, India

“…ex D. Don) Benth., Lamiaceae Toothache, stomachache, cough, cold, fever, nose bleeding, wounds and sinusitis (Singh and Kumar, 2000;Manandhar, 1995;Manandhar, 2002) Essential oil rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (caryophyllene oxide, epi-α-cadinol, β-eudesmol, oplapanone and guaial); oxygenated monoterpene (α-terpeneol); mono and sequiterpene hydrocarbons (α-cadinene, γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene, þ-cymene) (Chandra et al, 2013) Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. *, Rutaceae Anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, tonic, anti diabetic, anti hyperglycemic, cooling, hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic, cure digestive problems, fever, toothache, dysentery, diarrhea, renal pain, and aching joints (Khan, 1997;Singh and Kumar, 2000;Yadav, 2002;Khare, 2004;Seth and Sharma, 2004;Kesari et al, 2005;Iyer and Uma, 2008;Sood et al, 2009;Kumar and Choyal, 2013;Sehgal and Sood, 2013;Sharma et al, 2015) Carbazole alkaloids, coumarin, carbazole carboxylic acids and carotenoids (Jain et al, 2012) Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Rutaceae Strengthen gums and teeth (Chauhan, 1999; Flavonoids, indole alkaloids and coumarins (Ng et al, 2012) Origanum vulgare L.*, Lamiaceae Anti hyperglycemic, hypolipemic, antifungal, cure toothache, kidney stone, flatulence, menstrual disorders, rheumatism, headache, anxiety, asthma, jaundice, diarrhea, fever, typhoid, strengthen immune system and digestive system (Singh and Kumar, 2000;Prathyusha et al, 2009;Zlatkovic et al, 2014;Shah et al, 2016) Alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, sterols and triterpenoids (Prathyusha et al, 2009) Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalidaceae Appetizer, cure piles, diarrhea, toothache, cough and skin diseases (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975;Singh and Kumar, 2000;Panda, 2014) Glycosides, phytosterols, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and volatile oil (Raghavendra et al...…”

Gonadoprotective ability ofVincetoxicum arnottianumextract against bisphenol A‐induced testicular toxicity and hormonal imbalance in male Sprague Dawley rats

“…The genus Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae) is utilised in traditional medicine for various ailments including oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders (Mansoor, Ibrahim, Zaidi, & Ahmed, 2011; Shah, Zaidi, Sajjad, & Gilani, 2011). In Pakistan, Vincetoxicum arnottianum (Wight), Wight is used for the treatment of injuries and wounds (Khanum, Mumtaz, & Kumar, 2013; Shah et al, 2016). Amongst various phytochemical classes, polyphenols define a prominent position for exhibiting antioxidant and gonadoprotective activities.…”