Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy

Reeve, Elizabeth J.; Sutton, Dawn R.; Friend, Ed; Warren-Smith, Chris

doi:10.1111/jsap.12734

Cited by 49 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Prolonged ETT previously has been reported as a common feature of ED in dogs with BOAS, where 31 of 36 dogs presented primarily for the treatment of BOAS had delayed ETT . Our study provides evidence that this imaging feature also is common in a population of dogs presented primarily for dysphagia, regurgitation, or both.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Eivers

Rueda

Liuti

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Idiopathic esophageal dysmotility (ED) is increasingly recognized in young dogs of brachycephalic breeds. Few studies have objectively associated specific videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) features with brachycephaly, leading to under‐recognition of ED in brachycephalic breeds. Hypothesis/objectives To describe and compare VFSS in brachycephalic dogs versus non‐brachycephalic dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation, and to investigate associations between these imaging findings and patient signalment. Methods Retrospective analysis of VFSS of dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation (not megaesophagus) from 2006 to 2017. Cases were divided into brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds. The VFSS were reviewed using a standardized protocol by 2 examiners. Esophageal motility was assessed using specific criteria, and particular imaging features were noted and graded. Fisher's exact test was used to determine associations among signalment (including brachycephaly), final diagnosis, outcomes, and ED features. Results Thirty‐six dogs were included (n = 10 normal, n = 26 presumed ED). Twenty dogs (77%) with presumed ED were brachycephalic with a median age of 1 year (range, 0.2‐10.5 years). Most common were prolonged esophageal transit time (ETT; n = 21/26), decreased propagation of secondary peristaltic waves (n = 20/26), and gastroesophageal reflux (GER; n = 18/28). Eight dogs (all brachycephalic) had hiatal herniation (HH). Morphological esophageal variations were only observed in brachycephalic dogs. Brachycephaly was significantly associated with ED ( P = .005), prolonged ETT ( P = .41), GER ( P = .02), and HH ( P = .03). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The majority of dogs with presumed ED was young and brachycephalic and had specific abnormalities that were less frequent in mesaticephalic dogs with regurgitation or dysphagia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…We also identified a relatively high prevalence of HH in brachycephalic dogs with presumed dysmotility, which has been documented previously. 6 In addition, 17/20 (85%) brachycephalic dogs diagnosed with presumed ED were affected concurrently by BOAS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Eivers

Rueda

Liuti

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Four dogs in the ET study population and 7 dogs in the laryngeal auscultation study population were under 12 months of age, and it is acknowledged that WBBP has not yet been fully validated for this age group. Finally, it is recognized that the clinical signs displayed by brachycephalic dogs tend to vary according to breed, with a greater prevalence of laryngeal collapse in pugs and a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal signs in French and English bulldogs, which may affect individual clinical presentation and severity scoring …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs by using whole‐body barometric plethysmography

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To determine whether the sensitivity of clinical examination for assessing upper airway disease severity in 3 breeds of brachycephalic dogs can be improved by incorporating an exercise test (ET) or by auscultation of a laryngeal stridor to predict laryngeal collapse. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals Client‐owned brachycephalic dogs (n = 44 ET; n = 57 laryngeal stridor assessment). Methods In the first part of the study, clinical examinations were performed at rest and after 5‐minute walk and 3‐minute trot tests, and a grade reflective of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) severity was assigned. Whole‐body barometric plethysmography was used as a comparative, objective measure of disease severity. In the second part of the study, the degree of laryngeal collapse present in dogs undergoing BOAS surgery was compared to pre‐exercise and postexercise laryngeal stridor detected during functional testing. Results The sensitivity of clinical examination for BOAS diagnosis was 56.7% pre‐ET, 70% after a 5‐minute walk test, and 93.3% after a 3‐minute trot test. The sensitivity of laryngeal stridor as a predictor of laryngeal collapse was improved after exercise (70%) compared with before exercise (60%). Specificity of laryngeal stridor for laryngeal collapse was 100% (pre‐exercise and postexercise). Conclusion The sensitivity of clinical examination for BOAS diagnosis was improved by inclusion of an ET, particularly the 3‐minute trot test. Audible laryngeal stridor was highly specific but only moderately sensitive for laryngeal collapse. Clinical significance Inclusion of a 3‐minute trot test and careful auscultation for laryngeal stridor are recommended during BOAS assessment of brachycephalic dogs.

show abstract

“…sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) in dogs that presented with BOAS was 75% and 44.4%, respectively. 5 A definitive etiopathogenesis of the individual GE abnormalities or a specific anatomical factor explaining this breeds' predisposition has not yet been established. However, GER and SHH as well as vomiting, regurgitation, and ptyalism are likely related to the abnormal anatomy of the upper airway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non‐brachycephalic breed dogs

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine whether an anatomical difference in esophageal hiatus (EH) size exists between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. Study design: Retrospective clinical study. Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 87). Methods: Clinical records and images of dogs that underwent computed tomography between June 2015 and September 2018 were reviewed. For the first part of the study, EH and aortic (Ao) cross-sectional surface areas were measured in brachycephalic (group 1) and nonbrachycephalic dogs of similar body size (<15 kg) without respiratory or gastroesophageal (GE) signs (group 2) by using multiplanar reconstruction. Esophageal hiatus:aortic ratio was calculated. In the second part of the study, absolute EH measurements were also compared in weight-matched (WM) dogs (8-10 kg) from groups 1 and 2. Results: Mean (±SD) of EH:Ao values for group 1 (8.1 ± 2.8) were higher (P < .0001) than those for group 2 (3.7 ± 1.1). In addition, EH measurements of 20 WM dogs in group 1 were higher than those of 20 dogs in group 2 (P < .05). Conclusion: Esophageal hiatus cross-sectional surface area (directly and indirectly measured) in brachycephalic dogs was considerably larger than that in nonbrachycephalic dogs of generally similar body size. Clinical significance: Results of this study provide evidence to support the existence of a specific anatomical factor that could likely correlate to functional GE alterations (eg, regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux, and sliding hiatal hernia) commonly seen in brachycephalic dogs.

show abstract

Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs by using whole‐body barometric plethysmography

Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non‐brachycephalic breed dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About