Documenting the Sporangium Development of the Polypodiales Fern Pteris multifida

Abstract

Reconstructing the development of sporangia in seed-free vascular plants provides crucial information about key processes enabling the production of spores that are important in the life cycle of these plants. By applying fluorescence imaging in intact tissues using dyes and confocal microscopy, this study aimed to reconstruct the key steps during the development of sporangia. Special emphasis was taken on the cell wall structures of tapetum and spore mother cells that have been challenged by microscopical documentation in the past. After staining the cell wall and cytoplasm using calcofluor white and basic fuchsin, the sporangium development of Pteris multifida was observed using confocal microscopy. The clear cell lineages from the sporangial initial cell to stalk, epidermis, inner tapetum, outer tapetum, and sporogenous cells were revealed by confocal imaging. The sporangium development improved in this work will be useful for a general understanding of fern spore formation.

Temperature and light reverse the fertility of rice P/TGMS line ostms19 via reactive oxygen species homeostasis

“…Under low temperature, ostms19 pollen exhibited a round and plump shape (Figure S4g–i ), resembling that of the wild type (Figure S4a–c ). We further stained the pollen exine and intine with basic fuchsin and fluorescent brightener‐28, respectively (Jia et al ., 2021 ; Yang et al ., 2022 ). The exine (red signal) and intine (green signal) of the wild‐type pollen were tightly adhered, forming a concentric pattern (Figure 5a ).…”

“…To visualize the I 2 /KI staining results of pollen, we used an Olympus BX51 fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). Pollen intine and exine were costained with basic fuchsin and fluorescent brightener‐28 and subsequently examined using a laser confocal microscope FV3000 (Olympus, Japan), following the staining procedures outlined in (Jia et al ., 2021 ; Yang et al ., 2022 ). Cytological observations of anthers and pollen were conducted through semithin sectioning using an ultramicrotome (Leica, Germany), transmission electron microscopy (JEOL, Japan), and scanning electron microscopy (Hitachi, Japan).…”

A double negative cascade mediated by epigenetic modifications of EFD (Exine Formation Defect) to HB21 coordinates anther development in plant

“…It is reported that some species of moss and ferns do not produce primexine 46 . In addition, we have recently reported that the epidermis of fern sporangia can be ligni ed similar to that of the endothecium in higher plants 47 , suggesting that the sporangium ligni cation and dehiscence may be originated from the ferns (early vascular plants). Our sequence alignment showed that there were homologous genes (Table S2) of EFD (60 ~ 70%), HB21 (60 ~ 80%), CYP703A2 (60 ~ 70%), NST1/2 (70 ~ 80%) and RPG1 (50 ~ 60%) in various bryophytes and ferns.…”

Spores Morphological Characteristics of Several Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae Fern in "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden - Bali

“…In general, ferns can be divided into two groups based on their sporangia characteristics, the leptosporangiate and eusporangiate (Martinetto et al, 2020). Leptosporangiate is sporangia that arise from the development of one initial cell, have a smaller size, and contain fewer spores (Yang et al, 2022;Nowak et al, 2022). Those characteristics in contrast with sporangia from eusporangiate group that developed from several initial cells are larger in size, and contain many spores (Sofiyanti et al, 2019b).…”