Doença De Crohn

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Crohn é qualificada como uma doença inflamatória intestinal, de caráter crônico, recidivante, transmural e que pode afetar qualquer parte do trato digestivo, desde a boca até o ânus, mas, principalmente, o intestino delgado e o cólon. São de cunho multifatorial, com prevalência e incidência variando de acordo com a genética, meio ambiente, microbiota intestinal e até mesmo um possível agente entérico infeccioso. É uma doença que afeta pessoas de várias idades, sexos e raças, apesar de se verificar maior incidência em jovens do sexo feminino e em regiões urbanas. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um artigo de revisão no qual, a partir das palavras “doença de Crohn” e “doença inflamatórias intestinais”, foi realizado busca por periódicos nos bancos de dados: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periódicos CAPES e Google acadêmico. CONCLUSÃO: A doença de Crohn apresenta uma importante taxa de morbimortalidade no mundo, principalmente em regiões em franca urbanização e industrialização. O diagnóstico é um procedimento extremamente complicado devido a sua clínica inespecífica e pelos vários aspetos em comum com outras patologias. Dessa forma, ainda se faz necessário uma melhor investigação científica na área, com intuito de se desenvolver melhores técnicas diagnosticas e condutas a serem tomadas no seguimento e cura dessa patologia.Palavras-chave: Doença de Crohn, Doença inflamatórias intestinais, Diarreia.
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease is described as an inflammatory, chronic, recurrent, transmural inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, but especially the small intestine and colon. They are multifactorial, with prevalence and incidence varying according to genetics, environment, intestinal microbiota and even a possible infectious enteric agent. It is a disease that affects people of various ages, sexes and races, although there is a greater incidence in young women and in urban areas. METHODOLOGY: This is a review article in which, from the words "Crohn's disease" and "inflammatory bowel disease", a search was made for journals in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periódicos CAPES and Google academic. CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease presents an important morbidity and mortality rate in the world, especially in regions where there is rapid urbanization and industrialization. Diagnosis is an extremely complicated procedure due to its nonspecific clinical and various aspects in common with other pathologies. Thus, a better scientific investigation in the area is still necessary, in order to develop better diagnostic techniques and behaviors to be taken in the follow-up and cure of this pathology. Keywords: Crohn's disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Diarrhea.

Epidemiological profile and hospitalization data of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

“…1 Despite these known morphological aspects, their etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown; these conditions are therefore considered multifactorial and are associated with genetic, immunological, and other risk factors. 1,6 They present a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Patients often present chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.…”

“…1 Among these, articular, dermatological, and hepatic presentations are the most common, notably arthralgia/arthritis, sclerosing cholangitis, and pyoderma. 6,7 The diagnosis of IBD is complex, as the clinical manifestations of CD and NSUC are similar to those of several diseases 1 ; clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic and anatomopathological exams are required. 5 On clinical evaluation, patients present classic symptoms of abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea.…”

“…5 On clinical evaluation, patients present classic symptoms of abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. 1,5,6 Treatment of IBDs is mainly pharmacological, with antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents; biological therapy is also used. In the former, aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants are usually administered.…”

“…1 These methods aim to relieve symptoms, prolong disease remission, avoid surgical interventions, and improve the patient's quality of life. 6 The epidemiology of these diseases indicates a higher incidence and prevalence in developed countries. 2 In the United States, the mean incidence is 7 per 100,000 people, with a prevalence of 50 per 100,000.…”

“…2 In the United States, the mean incidence is 7 per 100,000 people, with a prevalence of 50 per 100,000. 4,6 In South American countries, the frequency is lower, and data for the definition of an epidemiological profile are lacking. 1,3,4,6 According to Zaltman, the lack of data in Brazil is associated with the absence of important elements for the collection of information on IBD.…”