Does a form of ‘entanglement’ between people explain healing? An examination of hypotheses and methodology

Hyland, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2004.10.002

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We cannot generally assume that available quantum entanglement between molecules of different people is taken for granted. In one of his papers (Hyland, 2004b), Hyland made an assumption that quantum entanglement may exist both between cells of the same human body and between different subjects. Apparently, this author came very close to the solution of this problem in his another paper (Hyland, 2003a), where he not only assumes existence of quantum entanglement at DNA level within the same body, but also describes possible role of quantum entanglement in meiosis processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carl G. Jung’s Synchronicity and Quantum Entanglement: Schrödinger’s Cat ‘Wanders’ Between Chromosomes

Limar¹

2011

Neuroquantology

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One of the most prospective directions of study of C.G. Jung's synchronicity phenomenon is reviewed considering the latest achievements of modern science. The attention is focused mainly on the quantum entanglement and related phenomena -quantum coherence and quantum superposition. It is shown that the quantum non-locality capable of solving the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox represents one of the most adequate physical mechanisms in terms of conformity with the Jung's synchronicity hypothesis. An attempt is made on psychophysiological substantiation of synchronicity within the context of molecular biology. An original concept is proposed, stating that biological molecules involved in cell division during mitosis and meiosis, particularly DNA may be considered material carriers of consciousness. This assumption may be formulated on the basis of phenomenology of Jung's analytical psychology.

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confidence: 99%

Carl G. Jung’s Synchronicity and Quantum Entanglement: Schrödinger’s Cat ‘Wanders’ Between Chromosomes

Limar¹

2011

Neuroquantology

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“…58,59 There are two specific CAM mechanisms that involve non-standard communication, electromagnetic fields 60 and entanglement. 61,62 The non-standard explanation is inconsistent with (current) conventional scientific theory, and the exact details of the mechanism are unknown. Data are limited and sometimes inconsistent.…”

Section: Combining the Two Talesmentioning

confidence: 93%

A tale of two therapies: psychotherapy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the human effect

Hyland

2005

Clinical Medicine

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-Meta-analyses show that psychotherapy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are effective primarily or entirely due to contextual factors rather than the specific disease-treating factors suggested by the therapy. Therapists are the most important contextual factor. Psychotherapy research shows that therapist effectiveness varies from zero to about 80%, but has failed to identify what makes a good (ie charismatic) therapist. Therapist effects are unrelated to experience or training or type of therapy. The conclusion that CAM and psychotherapy are effective due to the human effect leads to more questions than it answers. We do not know what charismatic therapists communicate to patients, we do not know the mechanism of communication, and we do not know how this communication influences the patient therapeutically. The therapist matters, but how or why we do not know. We need a better understanding of therapist effects, in psychotherapy, in CAM and also amongst physicians. KEY WORDS: CAM, common factors, complementary and alternative medicine, context, efficacy, meta-analysis, psychotherapy, therapist effectsPsychotherapy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are both popular but controversial therapies and both involve quality therapist-patient contact. The increasing popularity of CAM 1 is matched by a reduction in the use of psychotherapy. 2 Research into psychotherapy is better established: there are about five times as many psychotherapy publications as there are on CAM (Box 1). This paper uses meta-analyses to: (a) draw attention to similarities in the 'research stories' of these two therapies, and (b) come to some conclusions about the human effect in therapy. The psychotherapy research storyIn any psychotherapy, two types of factor can have a therapeutic effect: specific factors and incidental (or non-specific) factors. The specific factors are specific to a particular psychotherapy, they correct the assumed underlying pathology, and are commonly assumed to be the major contributor to therapeutic outcome. For example, in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), the underlying pathology is assumed to be erroneous cognitions, and the specific factors are the therapist-patient interactions that correct those erroneous cognitions. The incidental factors are factors that are incidental to the process of delivering the specific factors. They include emotional contact with the patient, a shared interpretation of the problem, and expectancy of a positive outcome. Because the incidental aspects are common across all psychotherapies, they are also known as common factors.The majority of research in psychotherapy is designed to demonstrate the superiority of one set of specific factors over another or in contrast to the common factors. Many studies demonstrate superiority. However, efficacy research in psychotherapy is confounded by the researcher's allegiance to a therapy (and consequently the therapist's allegiance), and allegiance correlates with outcome. When allegiance is taken into a...

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“…Data indicate greater safety ("side effects" are part of the complete picture of outcomes from a complex systems perspective) as well as sometimes shorter acute illnesses and lower costs for certain CAM therapies, including homeopathy, compared with conventional drugs in noncancer conditions. 60,61,63,[108][109][110] Finally, it is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the macro-entanglement model for CAM clinical research, which has received extensive coverage elsewhere 103,[111][112][113][114][115][116][117] Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge that entanglement is an emergent phenomenon in the behavior of closed systems in quantum mechanics. However, it is possible, but not essential, to invoke macro-entanglement concepts to apply the complex systems thinking outlined in the present article.…”

Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for the Study of Whole Systems

Bell¹,

Koithan

2006

Integr Cancer Ther

110

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This article summarizes a network and complex systems science model for research on whole systems of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine. The holistic concepts of networks and nonlinear dynamical complex systems are well matched to the global and interactive perspectives of whole systems of CAM, whereas the reductionistic science model is well matched to the isolated local organ, cell, and molecular mechanistic perspectives of pharmaceutically based biomedicine. Whole systems of CAM are not drugs with specific actions. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of whole systems of CAM produce effects that involve global and patterned shifts across multiple subsystems of the person as a whole. For homeopathy, several characteristics of complex systems, including the probabilistic nature of attractor patterns, variable sensitivity of complex systems to initial conditions, and emergent behaviors in the evolution of a system in its full environmental context over time, could help account for the mixed basic science and controlled clinical trial research findings, in contrast with the consistently positive outcomes of observational studies in the literature. Application of theories and methods from complex systems and network science can open a new era of advances in understanding factors that lead to good versus poor individual global outcome patterns and to rational triage of patients to one type of care over another. The growing reliance on complex systems thinking and systems biology for cancer research affords a unique opportunity to bridge between the CAM and conventional medical worlds with some common language and conceptual models.

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Does a form of ‘entanglement’ between people explain healing? An examination of hypotheses and methodology

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Carl G. Jung’s Synchronicity and Quantum Entanglement: Schrödinger’s Cat ‘Wanders’ Between Chromosomes

Carl G. Jung’s Synchronicity and Quantum Entanglement: Schrödinger’s Cat ‘Wanders’ Between Chromosomes

A tale of two therapies: psychotherapy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the human effect

Models for the Study of Whole Systems

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