Does a History of Trauma Contribute to HIV Risk for Women of Color? Implications for Prevention and Policy

Wyatt, Gail E.; Myers, Héctor F.; Williams, John K.; Ramirez, Christina M.; Loeb, Tamra Burns; Carmona, Jennifer Vargas; Wyatt, Lacey; Chin, Dorothy; Presley, Nicole

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.4.660

Cited by 248 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Childhood is a critical developmental period, and abuse perpetrated during this period may distort an individual's construction of relational schemas (Briere, 2002;Wenninger and Ehlers, 1998), setting the stage for future victimization and HIV risk behavior (Parillo et al, 2001;Senn et al, 2006;van Dorn et al, 2005;Wyatt et al, 2002). Although the relationship between childhood abuse and HIV risk behavior was similar for male and female participants, women were more likely to report childhood abuse and adult victimization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Abuse among Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Adult Victimization, Substance Abuse, and HIV Sexual Risk Behavior

et al. 2007

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The prevalence of childhood sexual and physical abuse among persons with severe mental illness (SMI) is disproportionately high. Adults with SMI also engage in high rates of HIV risk behaviors. This study examined the association between childhood abuse and adult victimization, substance abuse, and lifetime HIV sexual risk in a sample of 152 adults with SMI receiving community mental health services. Structured interviews assessed psychiatric, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors. Seventy percent reported childhood physical and/or sexual abuse, and 32% reported both types of abuse. Participants with childhood abuse were more likely to report adult victimization and greater HIV risk. A structural equation model found that childhood abuse was directly and indirectly associated with HIV risk through drug abuse and adult vicitimization. Integrated treatment approaches that address interpersonal violence and substance abuse may be necessary for HIV risk reduction in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Abuse among Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Adult Victimization, Substance Abuse, and HIV Sexual Risk Behavior

et al. 2007

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“…In recent studies conducted in Vancouver, for Aboriginal women who use injection drugs, irregular condom use with regular sexual partners was found to be predictive of HIV seroconversion (Miller, Strathdee, et al, 2006;Spittal et al, 2002). The majority of sexual health programs focus solely on the circumstances of consensual sex and often ignore the effects of early sexual abuse and sexual violence in relationships on sexual decision-making (Amaro, 1995;Craib et al, 2003;Wyatt et al, 2002). Taken together, these findings suggest that antecedent sexual abuse has profound effects on the sexual health and safety of survivors later in life.…”

Section: Sexual Abuse and Vulnerability To Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cedar Project: Historical trauma, sexual abuse and HIV risk among young Aboriginal people who use injection and non-injection drugs in two Canadian cities

Pearce

Christian²,

Patterson³

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

113

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Recent Indigenist scholarship has situated high rates of traumatic life experiences, including sexual abuse, among Indigenous peoples of North America within the larger context of their status as colonized peoples. Sexual abuse has been linked to many negative health outcomes including mental, sexual and drug-related vulnerabilities. There is a paucity of research in Canada addressing the relationship between antecedent sexual abuse and negative health outcomes among Aboriginal people including elevated risk of HIV infection. The primary objectives of this study were to determine factors associated with sexual abuse among participants of the Cedar Project, a cohort of young Aboriginal people between the ages of 14 and 30 years who use injection and non-injection drugs in two urban centres in British Columbia, Canada; and to locate findings through a lens of historical and intergenerational trauma. We utilized post-colonial perspectives in research design, problem formulation and the interpretation of results. Multivariate modeling was used to determine the extent to which a history of sexual abuse was predictive of negative health

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“…[14][15][16] Childhood interpersonal and sexual trauma among racial minority women is high (51% and 49%, respectively). 17 Black women, in particular, may be more likely than white women to experience childhood maltreatment and domestic violence, and to develop PTSD symptoms following trauma exposure. 18 In clinical interviews within maternity clinics across three health systems in the Midwestern United States, nulliparous African American pregnant women reported greater exposure to traumatic events and more symptoms of PTSD than non-African American pregnant women, and were more inclined to report substance use compared to non-African American pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Health Problems, and Depression Among African American Women in Residential Substance Use Treatment

Meshberg‐Cohen

Presseau

Thacker

et al. 2016

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are high among women seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Minority women, in particular, experience high rates of trauma and may be less likely to disclose trauma history. This article identifies items from pre-existing screening measures that can be used across settings to sensitively but noninvasively identify women with likely PTSD. Method: For a sample of 104 African American women in residential SUD treatment who provided informed consent as a part of a larger randomized clinical trial, the prevalence of trauma and PTSD, as well as the relationships between trauma, health, depression, and distress, was examined. Measures included Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Additional analyses were undertaken to determine if a subset of noninvasive items could serve to identify the presence of a probable PTSD diagnosis. Results: Most women (94.2%) reported at least one lifetime trauma, with over half (51.0%) meeting DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Women with greater trauma symptom severity reported more health problems and higher levels of depression and distress. Five BSI items and one CES-D item were significantly associated with a probable PTSD diagnosis with a sensitivity of 88.7%, a specificity of 66.7%, a positive predictive value of 73.4%, a negative predictive value of 85.0%, and an accuracy of 77.9%. Conclusion: Findings affirm that African American women with SUDs present for residential treatment with comorbid psychiatric and emotional conditions that warrant assessment and treatment. Results highlight potential benefits of brief screening with routine measures and coordinated access to ancillary psychiatric and medical services, in conjunction with substance treatment, such as in residential or primary care.

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Does a History of Trauma Contribute to HIV Risk for Women of Color? Implications for Prevention and Policy

Abstract: Limited material resources, exposure to violence, and high-risk sexual behaviors were the best predictors of HIV risk.

Cited by 248 publications

References 26 publications

Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Abuse among Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Adult Victimization, Substance Abuse, and HIV Sexual Risk Behavior

Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Abuse among Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Adult Victimization, Substance Abuse, and HIV Sexual Risk Behavior

The Cedar Project: Historical trauma, sexual abuse and HIV risk among young Aboriginal people who use injection and non-injection drugs in two Canadian cities

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Health Problems, and Depression Among African American Women in Residential Substance Use Treatment

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