Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted?

Enoch, Mary‐Anne; Harris, Claudia R.; Goldman, David

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00117-9

Cited by 74 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, it has been suggested that sensitivity to bitter compounds such as PTC and PROP may protect against cigarette smoking (Enoch et al, 2001;Kaplan et al, 1964;Snedecor et al, 2006). However, we found that the women who smoked were as likely to be sensitive to PROP as were women who never smoked, a finding which is consistent with a recent study in which 567 individuals were genotyped for polymorphisms that affect taste sensitivity to PROP and PTC (Cannon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…First, unlike PTC, it is odorless and safer (Lawless, 1980). Second, previous research suggested that smokers were significantly more likely to be insensitive to PROP and PTC (Enoch et al, 2001;Kaplan et al, 1964;Snedecor et al, 2006) and that PROP sensitivity may be related to sweet taste sensitivity (Chang et al, 2006). To this end, subjects tasted, but did not swallow, in ascending order, water and then three 5 ml solutions of PROP (56, 180, and 560 μM), rinsing before and after each tasting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Family History of Alcoholism on Sweet Taste Perception and Food Cravings in Women

Pepino

Mennella

2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

114

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Family History of Alcoholism on Sweet Taste Perception and Food Cravings in Women

Pepino

Mennella

2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

114

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“…The results are consistent with the studies of Saldanha (1962) regarding conducted in Portugal, Azevedo et al (1965) conducted in Brazil and the results of Turkey mentioned in the study of Guo and Reed (2001) (Azevedo et al, 1965;Saldanha, 1962). According to the studies conducted so far, the distribution of PRC/PROP taste blindness (the ability and lack of detecting the taste of bitter chemicals) is as follows: 2.3-36.5% (Africa), 5.1-23% (China), 4.8-66.7% (India), 2.0-27.5% (Asia), 4.1-20.0% (Turkey), 49.3-50.0% (Australia), 6.9-36.8% (Europe) and 0-43.0% (USA), respectively (Guo and Reed, 2001;Tepper and Nurse, 1998;Saraswathi et al, 2011;Tepper, 1998;Guo et al, 1998;Enoch et al, 2001). When the results compared with the results of a study mentioned in the book of Demirsoy (1998), which was conducted with 3643 people in Turkish community, it can be seen that the frequency of the taster individuals is higher in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between phenylthiocarbamide taste perception and smoking, work out habits and susceptibility to depression

Daştan

Durna²,

Daştan

2015

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is known as phenylthiourea and it is an organic compound that has the phenyl ring. Ability to perceive the tastes of PTC chemical is related to the dominance of taste genes. There are a large number of population studies regarding the PTC taste perception and different personal characteristics or disease conditions. The purpose of this study is to reveal and compare the relation between the PTC taste perception and work-out habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and tendency to the depression of people. A total of 2500 adults were volunteered to be included in this study. PTC taste perception was measured by tasting with PTC solution (10 mg/L) filtered in a paper. It showed that tasters were significantly more frequent (81.8%) than nontasters (18.2%) in all population. And in some parameters analyzed in this study, there are significant differences. The taste genetics show up with environmental factors and create the sense of taste, which develops the feeding behaviors. The taste perception resulting from food and beverages diversifies by genetic and environmental effects and the nervous system interprets this perception. This study is enlightening in terms of presenting that the taste perception of people affects their lifestyles and lead them to start and either continue or discontinue some habits.

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“…11,12 Two studies reported a higher percentage (~50%) of PTC/PROP non-tasters among smokers than in the general population. 7,8 Moreover, PTC non-tasters had higher nicotine dependence scores. 8 Phenotypic variation in PROP/PTC taste sensitivity is controlled by sequence variation in the bitter receptor gene TAS2R38 that accounts for a major portion (55%-85%), but not all of the variance in sensitivity.…”

Section: Original Investigationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…7,8 On the other hand, bitter taste may be a potential risk factor for non-adherence to oral NRT in smokers who wish to quit.…”

Section: Original Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of PROP Taste Phenotype, Taste Receptor Genotype, and Oral Nicotine Replacement Use

Ahijevych

Tepper

Graham

et al. 2014

NICTOB

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Introduction: Recommended dosage of oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product is often not achieved in smoking cessation attempts. n-6-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitter taste phenotype may be a potential risk factor for non-adherence to oral NRT products due to their bitter taste. There is limited literature on this phenotype in the context of smoking and none in relation to oral NRT pharmacotherapy. Methods: The association of PROP taste phenotype with NRT usage and sensory response to products was examined. In a cross-over experimental design, 120 participants received a 1 week supply of nicotine inhalers and 1 week of nicotine lozenges with random assignment to order. Mixed effects linear model analyses were conducted. Results: PROP taste phenotype and taste receptor genotype were not associated with NRT usage or sensory response to NRT, after adjusting for other factors. However, PROP non-tasters used a higher number of lozenges per day (continuous exposure) than nicotine cartridges (intermittent exposure). Unexpectedly, half of baseline PROP non-tasters shifted to taster phenotype 2 weeks after smoking cessation or reduction. Menthol cigarette smokers identified higher NRT strength of sensation scores than nonmenthol smokers. Taste receptor genotype was related to PROP taste phenotype (Kendall τ = .591, p = .0001). Conclusions: A nonsignificant relationship of PROP phenotype and NRT usage may be associated with NRT under-dosing and limited variance in the outcome variable. PROP non-tasters' greater use of lozenges is consistent with nicotine exposure being less aversive to non-tasters. Further research of this and other factors impacting NRT usage are warranted to effectively inform smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.

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Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted?

Cited by 74 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Family History of Alcoholism on Sweet Taste Perception and Food Cravings in Women

Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Family History of Alcoholism on Sweet Taste Perception and Food Cravings in Women

The relationships between phenylthiocarbamide taste perception and smoking, work out habits and susceptibility to depression

Relationships of PROP Taste Phenotype, Taste Receptor Genotype, and Oral Nicotine Replacement Use

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