“…This non-directional hypothesis regarding these two exercise modalities is a result of an unclear picture from past research. For example, as stated above, both exercise modalities, particularly chronic exercise studies among animal models, have shown improvements in episodic memory, yet they potentially involve distinct underlying mechanisms (Loprinzi, Moore, & Loenneke, 2020). However, despite these favourable effects for both chronic exercise modalities (in animal models) on episodic memory, very limited research has directly compared the effects of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on cognition, let alone episodic memory, and these findings produced inconsistent results (Dunsky et al, 2017;Pontifex et al, 2009).…”