Does an In-Season Detraining Period Affect the Shoulder Rotator Cuff Strength and Balance of Young Swimmers?

Abstract

A cross-sectional study on physical and sedentary activity and health-related quality of life in institutionalized vs. non-institutionalized elderly Differences between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly were found in moderate-intensity activities and walking, a favour of non-institutionalized. The institutionalized elderly remain more minutes in sedentary activity. Also, were observed differences between both groups in physical component of HRQoL, a favour of non-institutionalized elderly. The mental component remained unchanged. The multivariate regression analyses showed that physical activity predicted the physical (8 to 12%) and mental (5 to 8%) components of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Conclusions: Non-institutionalized elderly were more physically active, spent less time in sedentary activity and showed better perception physical component of HRQoL that institutionalized elderly. An important and encouraging result of this study was that physical activity is a predictor of improved physical and mental component of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Um estudo transversal sobre atividade física e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizadosKeywords: Motor activity. Sedentary lifestyle. Quality of life. Health of institutionalized elderly.* Author contributions: P Tomas-Carus conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, analysed the data, contributed to the results discussion and wrote the manuscript; C Biehl-Printes analysed the data, contributed to the results discussion and manuscript draft; A Raimundo, C Pereira, N Terra contributed to the results discussion; L Laranjo participated in coordination and data collection; J Fernandes participated in the study design and coordination, and contributed to the results discussion. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. RESUMOObjetivos: Comparar atividade física, sedentarismo e qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde (QVRS) em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizado e estabelecer um padrão de associação e predição da atividade física e do sedentarismo com os componentes físicos e mentais da QVRS. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 383 idosos com idade ≥ 75 anos (187 institucionalizados e 196 não institucionalizados). Foram aplicados o questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) e a versão reduzida do inventário de saúde (SF-36) para avaliar a atividade física e o QVRS. Também foi utilizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para exclusão de problemas cognitivos. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças entre idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados nas atividades de intensidade moderada e na caminhada, a favor dos não institucionalizados. Os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram mais minutos em atividade sedentária. Além disso, foram observadas diferenças entre os dois grupos no componente físico da QVRS, a favor dos idosos não institucionalizados. O componente men...

Does an effective shoulder injury prevention program affect risk factors in handball? A randomized controlled study

“…Similar interventions have been conducted in swimming, and while Batalha et al demonstrated a significant increase in ER peak torque and ER/IR ratio after a 16‐week intervention, Hibberd et al found no significant effects after 6 weeks 28 . The latter study used eleven strength exercises for different muscle groups and two IR stretching exercises 28,29 …”

The Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention in Competitive Swimmers

“…Although propulsive force depends not only on the produced strength, but also on the limbs´ orientation (Leong, 2015) and even on how much the fingers are spread (Marinho et al, 2010), it is known that an overload is caused in the shoulder joint. As such, a shoulder rotators imbalance is created, as reported in competitive swimming (Batalha et al, 2014) and might eventually be related to shoulder injury (Byram et al, 2010) and scapular dyskinesis (Madsen et al, 2011). Swimming requires a large range of motion of the shoulders, with emphasis on circumduction movements that have varying degrees of internal and external rotation and scapular protraction and retraction (Tovin, 2006).…”

“…Shoulder muscle imbalances indicated by low values of the ER/IR ratio, have been observed in individuals with glenohumeral joint instability, and are considered a shoulder injury risk factor (Lin, 2015;Niederbracht et al, 2008). It has previously been shown that in swimming, an in-water training macrocycle is enough to trigger muscle imbalances in swimmer´s shoulder rotators (Batalha et al, 2014). This is due to a significant increase in IR strength, with no concurrent increase in ER strength (Batalha et al, 2014).…”

“…It has previously been shown that in swimming, an in-water training macrocycle is enough to trigger muscle imbalances in swimmer´s shoulder rotators (Batalha et al, 2014). This is due to a significant increase in IR strength, with no concurrent increase in ER strength (Batalha et al, 2014). Hence, it seems necessary to design and implement programs with the goal to prevent shoulders´ injuries.…”

“…Referring to studies on shoulder injury prevention training conducted with swimmers (Batalha et al, 2014;Kluemper et al, 2006;Stanula et al, 2012;Van de Velde et al, 2011) we can note that training programs are usually carried out before the in-water swim session. This approach raises questions if it might elicit fatigue over the strength training session and have an impact on the in-water session.…”