Does Aquaculture Support the Needs of Nutritionally Vulnerable Nations?

Golden, Christopher D.; Seto, Katherine; Dey, Madan M.; Chen, Oai L.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Myers, Samuel S.; Smith, Matthew A.; Vaitla, Bapu; Allison, Edward H.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00159

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The food security benefits of fish are also being heavily promoted from a human health and nutritional perspective (Béné et al ., ; Golden et al ., ). It is increasingly recognised in the broader marine policy community that food security is not just about increasing the availability of fish, but instead is a highly complex condition, influenced by multiple factors including trade and market dynamics, nutrition, gender, and other social relations (Loring et al ., ; Fiorella et al ., ; McClanahan et al ., ; Béné et al ., ; Golden et al ., ). In this paper the focus is on the linkages between household food insecurity and the related problem of water insecurity, and how both are collectively driven by poverty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food and water insecurity in specialised fishing communities: evidence from thePhilippines

Fabinyi

2018

Natural Resources Forum

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Food insecurity remains a common problem for Southeast Asian communities that specialise in fishing. Food insecurity is closely linked to other social conditions, and the linkages between these social conditions and their underlying drivers are less well explored in fishing contexts than they are in agricultural contexts. In this paper I draw on fieldwork from a community that specialises in fishing in the Western Philippines to examine the linkages between and drivers of food and water insecurity. Food insecurity is common, and characterised by a lack of funds to buy food, particularly during periods of bad weather. Water insecurity is also characterised by the need to pay for the delivery of drinking water from one of several remote sources. Because of the central role of markets in communities that specialise in fishing, I argue that both food and water insecurity are driven by income poverty. Understanding the relations between food and water insecurity and the wider drivers of poverty in specialised fishing community contexts should generate improved understandings of how food and water insecurity persist, and how these conditions may be better addressed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food and water insecurity in specialised fishing communities: evidence from thePhilippines

Fabinyi

2018

Natural Resources Forum

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“…For instance, aquaculture contributed 17% of total fish production in Africa, which is equivalent to a paltry 2.5% of global fish production in 2016 [7]. Taken against the backdrop of wider regional food insecurity and a projection that Africa's population will double by 2050 [21], aquaculture is poised to play an important role in providing valuable animal protein foods to poor and food-insecure populations [22][23][24]. Considering that 33% of the wild fish stocks are overexploited [7], aquaculture will play a critical role in meeting increased fish demand in Africa [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Fish to Food and Nutrition Security in Eastern Africa: Emerging Trends and Future Outlooks

et al. 2019

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Approximately 200 million people in Africa derive high-quality and low-cost proteins from fish. However, the consumption of fish is not fully exploited to combat the "triple burden" of malnutrition-obesity, undernutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies which are the leading causes of poor health in the region. There is still limited knowledge on quantitative information to guide policy makers in developing evidence-based actions that can improve the availability of and access to nutritious food for healthy and sustained diets among children and care givers. In this paper, we review the available literature with the aim of assessing and quantifying the extent to which fish contributes towards fighting food and nutrition insecurity in the Eastern Africa subregion. Key results reveal the region is characterized by fish supply deficits, and hence, low levels of fish consumed per person. Nonetheless, the increase in fish imports, and the growing supply of fish from aquaculture are likely to improve the per-capita fish intake. Fish trade is generally bidirectional, with exports exceeding imports in value terms, while significant challenges still hinder domestic and intra-regional fish trade. The Eastern Africa region is projected to realize increased fish consumption from 4.80 kg in 2013 to 5.49 kg by 2022. Rising population growth and income levels imply that the region will need 2.49 million tonnes of fish to fill the demand-supply gaps. We recommend that food security and nutritional programmes should recognize the potential of fish in providing essential micronutrients from the aspects of improved dietary quality, nutritional status, and general wellbeing of the region's fast growing population.

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“…Mariculture has the potential to benefit malnourished populations in these countries both directly through increasing seafood availability and indirectly through economic gains (Béné et al 2016), and our analysis clearly identifies places where these opportunities exist. But despite this theoretical potential, limited evidence exists suggesting mariculture will address local nutritional needs in reality (Beveridge et al 2013;Béné et al 2016;Golden et al 2016Golden et al , 2017Little et al 2016). What barriers are preventing the potential nutritional benefits of mariculture from being realized, and how can we use this global analysis to guide nutritionally focused development strategies?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased mariculture production could help ameliorate global malnutrition, but current aquaculture development typically excludes lower-income countries or is marketed towards trade with wealthier countries and consumers (Watson et al 2015;Asche et al 2015a;Golden et al 2016Golden et al , 2017. Global mariculture production currently focuses predominantly on high-value species like salmon, shrimp and tuna, which largely go to global markets (Bostock et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aquaculture inMalawi (Aiga et al 2009), though these types of indirect benefits require further investigation(Béné et al 2016;Golden et al 2017).A further challenge in mariculture development is to mitigate environmental harm to the extent possible. A recent study establishes that there are vast areas suitable for development of mariculture in almost every coastal nation(Gentry et al 2017).…”

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Supplemental Information 2: Sensitivity of Final Mariculture Opportunity Scores to Relative Zero to One Rescaling of Individual

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An estimated two billion people worldwide currently suffer from micronutrient malnutrition, and almost one billion are calorie deficient. Providing adequate nutrition is a growing global challenge. Seafood is one of the most important sources of both protein and micronutrients for many, yet production from wild capture fisheries has stagnated. In contrast, aquaculture is the world's fastest-growing food production sector, and now supplies over half of all seafood consumed globally. Mariculture, or the farming of brackish and marine species, accounts for roughly one-third of all aquaculture production and has received increasing attention as a potential supplement for wild-caught marine fisheries.By analyzing global patterns in seafood reliance, malnutrition levels, and economic opportunity, this study identifies where mariculture has the greatest potential to improve human nutrition. We calculate a mariculture opportunity index for 117 coastal nations by drawing on a diverse set of seafood production, trade, consumption, and nutrition data.Seventeen primary variables are combined into country-level scores for reliance on seafood, opportunity for nutritional improvement, and opportunity for economic development of mariculture. The final mariculture opportunity score identifies countries with high seafood reliance combined with high nutritional and economic opportunity scores. We find that island nations in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean are consistently identified as countries with high mariculture opportunity. In other regions, nutritional and economic opportunity scores are not significantly correlated, and we discuss the implications of this finding for crafting appropriate development policy. Finally, we identify key challenges to ameliorating malnutrition through mariculture development, including insufficient policy infrastructure, government instability, and ensuring local consumption of farmed fish. Our analysis is an important step towards prioritizing nations where the economic and nutritional benefits of expanding mariculture may be jointly captured. many, yet production from wild capture fisheries has stagnated. In contrast, aquaculture is the world's fastest-growing food production sector, and now supplies over half of all seafood consumed globally. Mariculture, or the farming of brackish and marine species, accounts for roughly one-third of all aquaculture production and has received increasing attention as a potential supplement for wild-caught marine fisheries. By analyzing global patterns in seafood reliance, malnutrition levels, and economic opportunity, this study identifies where mariculture has the greatest potential to improve human nutrition. We calculate a mariculture opportunity index for 117 coastal nations by drawing on a diverse set of seafood production, trade, consumption, and nutrition data. Seventeen primary variables are combined into country-level scores for reliance on seafood, opportunity for nutritional improvement, and opportunity for economic development of mariculture. Th...

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Does Aquaculture Support the Needs of Nutritionally Vulnerable Nations?

Cited by 83 publications

References 40 publications

Food and water insecurity in specialised fishing communities: evidence from thePhilippines

Food and water insecurity in specialised fishing communities: evidence from thePhilippines

The Contribution of Fish to Food and Nutrition Security in Eastern Africa: Emerging Trends and Future Outlooks

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