Does Artificial Intelligence Have Agency?

Point and Network Notions of Artificial Intelligence Agency

“…In one of the most recent works, Danielle Swanepoel examines various accounts of agency to establish minimal criteria which an AI system must meet in order to be considered a genuine agent. Swanepoel suggests that there are four of these: deliberative self-reflection, awareness of self in time, critical awareness of environment, and norm violation [4]. Other exemplary studies identify criteria useful for machine agency conceptualizations such as individuality, interactional asymmetry (being a source of activity) and normativity [5], goal-oriented activity contributing to the agent's own endurance or maintenance [6], intentionality and forethought [7], adaptive regulation, self-reactiveness and self-reflectiveness [6][7][8], and first-person sense of agency [9,10].…”