Does autoimmunity play a part in the pathogenesis of glaucoma?

Bell, Katharina; Gramlich, Oliver W.; Hohenstein-Blaul, Nadine von Thun und; Beck, Stefanie; Funke, Sebastian; Wilding, Corina; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Grus, Franz H.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.02.003

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…This list of systemic diseases potentially leading to localized RNFLDs also may include autoimmune pathologies, which also can give rise to wedge-shaped defects of the RNFL. 35,36 Potential limitations of our study should be mentioned. First, we could not use OCT-based data on the incidence of localized RNFLDs, since at baseline of the study in 2001, the OCT device was not available for the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ten-Year Incidence of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects: The Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011

Ren

Wang

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. We examined the 10-year incidence of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) and associated factors in adult Chinese.METHODS. The population-based longitudinal Beijing Eye Study, which included 4439 subjects (age, 40þ years) in 2001, was repeated in 2011 with 2695 subjects participating (66.4% of the survivors). Color fundus photographs taken at baseline and 10 years later were examined for localized RNFLDs, defined as wedge-shaped defects running toward the optic disc.RESULTS. Fundus photographs were available for 2422 (89.9%) subjects. Incident-localized RNFLDs were detected in 114/2422 persons (4.7% 6 0.2%) or 139/4867 eyes (2.9% 6 0.2%). A total of 25 (22%) persons had incident-localized RNFLDs bilaterally, and 89 (78%) persons unilaterally. Among the 114 persons with incident RNFLDs, 78 persons showed newly developed localized RNFLDs, while 36 subjects showed an enlargement of a preexisting localized RNFLD. In binary logistic regression analysis, a higher 10-year incidence of localized RNFLDs was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (P ¼ 0.002; odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35, 3.97), higher diastolic blood pressure (P ¼ 0.02; OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.004,1.04), higher prevalence of previous cerebrovascular infarctions (P ¼ 0.007; OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.30, 5.22), younger age (P ¼ 0.01; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94, 0.99), higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (P ¼ 0.001; OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.92, 11.5), higher prevalence of open-angle (P < 0.001; OR, 39.8; 95% CI, 19.7, 80.5) and angle-closure (P < 0.001; OR, 21.3; 95% CI, 7.90, 57.5) glaucoma, and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (P < 0.001; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95, 0.98).CONCLUSIONS. The 10-year incidence of localized RNFLDs in adult Chinese is 4.7% 6 0.2%. It is strongly associated with arterial hypertension and higher prevalence of cerebrovascular infarcts, in addition to ocular reasons, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmologically normal subjects with incident-localized RNFLDs may be screened for arterial hypertension and cerebrovascular infarcts.Keywords: retinal nerve fiber layer, stroke, glaucoma, optic nerve, optic disc, Beijing Eye Study T he optic nerve as cerebral fascicle has its origin in the retinal ganglion cell layer. Its axons extend from the inner retina through the optic disc, optic nerve, and optic tract to the lateral geniculate ganglion. Any optic nerve damage affects the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) through the loss of optic nerve fibers. The RNFL has conventionally been examined by ophthalmoscopy or on color fundus photographs. [1][2][3][4][5] The visibility of the RNFL shows a specific pattern with usually the best visibility in the temporal inferior arcade, followed by the temporal superior arcade, nasal superior arcade, and nasal inferior arcade. 6 The distribution of the RNFL visibility correlates with the thickness of the RNFL as measured by histomorphometry or confocal scanning laser tomography, with the diameter of the retinal arter...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ten-Year Incidence of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects: The Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011

Ren

Wang

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Findings from numerous studies support the notion that both the innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Yet, the precise mechanisms of immune responses and the specific cell interactions contributing to the disease process are still not fully understood. Many questions remain about the role of the immune system in glaucoma ( Figure 1).…”

Section: The Immune System Has Been Implicated In the Pathogenesis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Immune System and Glaucoma

Kielczewski¹

2017

Ophthalmol Open J

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“…Zusätzlich zu diesen Faktoren wird auch eine autoimmune Komponente dis kutiert, bei der zum einen ein Ungleich gewicht in der natürlichen Autoimmu nität vorliegt und andererseits Autoanti körper gebildet werden, die die Struktu ren des Auges schädigen und Sehnerv und Netzhaut angreifen können [12].…”

Section: Behandlung Kann Der Irreversiblen Schädigung Des Sehnervs Enunclassified

“…1a), die eine hohe Konsistenz auch in unterschiedlichen Studienpopu lationen aufweisen [13]. Bisher wurden in verschiedenen Studien zahlreiche ver änderte Autoantikörper, wie beispielwei se Antikörper gegen HSP60 ("heat shock protein 60"), HSP27, HSP70, Kristallin, γEnolase, neuronenspezifische Enola se, Glycosaminoglycane, GlutathionS Transferase (GST), αFodrin, Vimentin, "myelin basic protein" (MBP), Phosphati dylserin, saures Gliafaserprotein (GFAP), "retinaldehydebinding protein" oder re tinales SAntigen identifiziert, um nur ei nige Beispiele zu nennen (zusammenge fasst in [12]). Diese spezifischen Verände rungen ermöglichen es, ein Glaukom mit einer Spezifität und Sensitivität von mehr als 90 % zu detektieren [14], was ein im menses diagnostisches Potenzial bedeutet (.…”

Section: Autoantikörper Als Diagnostische Biomarkerunclassified

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Biochemische Grundlagenprozesse im Verlauf der Glaukomerkrankung

et al. 2015

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The term glaucoma summarizes a group of eye diseases that are accompanied by impairments of the optic nerve and related visual field deficits. An early diagnosis of glaucoma is currently not possible due to a lack of diagnostic tests; therefore, in most cases the disease is diagnosed many years after onset, which prevents an early therapy. The known risk factors for the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy comprise elevated intraocular pressure and a broad range of pressure fluctuations as well as lipometabolic disorders, genetic factor and diabetes. The consequences include the induction of anti-inflammatory proteins, elevated levels of oxidative stress and the destruction of retinal ganglion cells. Changes in the autoantibody repertoire have also been observed in the course of the disease. Basic ophthalmological research therefore focuses on the investigation of basic biochemical processes in the course of the disease. A better understanding of physiological and biochemical events is sought in order to develop new and more sensitive diagnostic options and to allow more targeted therapeutic measures. The understanding of biochemical processes allows a better insight into glaucoma progression to be gained, which will lead to improvements in diagnosis and therapy.

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Does autoimmunity play a part in the pathogenesis of glaucoma?

Cited by 78 publications

References 143 publications

Ten-Year Incidence of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects: The Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011

Ten-Year Incidence of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects: The Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011

Insights into the Immune System and Glaucoma

Biochemische Grundlagenprozesse im Verlauf der Glaukomerkrankung

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