Does Beef Protein Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Exercise Performance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Mata, Fernando; Morales, Javier S.; Castillo‐García, Adrián; Lucía, Alejandro

doi:10.3390/nu11061429

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that compares RT plus PS with RT alone or plus placebo supplementation in a healthy elderly population. Notably, there are similar previous studies that compared different populations, such as a younger population [45,46] or elderly hospitalized people [47]; included a combination of other supplements, such as vitamin 3, omega-3, or a dietary intake modification [19,[48][49][50][51]; or studied other outcomes related to body composition [52,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation (PS), compared to RT alone or combined with a placebo (plS), in the improvement of muscle strength and physical performance. The search strategy in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 294 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 16 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. A total of 657 healthy elderly (>60 years) participants were analysed. Finally, 15 articles were included in the quantitative analysis with one being excluded due to issues with data availability. Upper-limb, lower-limb, and handgrip strength were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. The secondary outcomes, related to physical performance, were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and the five-chair-rise test (5CRT). The main results of the meta-analysis show no statistical differences for upper-limb (SMD: 0.56, 95% CI: −0.09, 1.21, p = 0.09, I2 = 68%), lower-limb (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: −0.18, 0.18, p = 1.0, I2 = 11%), and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.03, 95% CI: −0.26, 0.32, p = 0.84, I2 = 0%) between the RT + PS and the RT alone (or combined with plS). Moreover, no statistical differences were found relating to physical performance. In view of these results, protein supplementation combined with RT does not provide additional benefits compared to RT alone or with plS in healthy elderly adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Of all protein sources and supplements for muscle health, dairy products, and isolated dairy proteins have gained the most attention [ 65 ]. In this review, non-liquid dairy (yogurt and cheese) as a source of high-quality protein, especially whey, have been used in relation to muscle mass, function, and sarcopenia in five studies with healthy and sarcopenic older adults [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering the best protein whole foods for lean muscle mass and function, aside from protein quantity, protein quality (e.g., digestibility/absorption rate to elicit MPS; protein quality scores) continues to be debated in light of muscle physiological outcomes, sustainability, and acceptability in older adults. Regarding physiological outcomes, a recent meta-analysis of studies including younger and older adults has shown no differences between animal protein (beef) versus dairy (whey) supplementation in increasing protein intake and lean tissue mass post-exercise [ 65 ]. Plant (e.g., pea and soy product) versus animal protein foods (e.g., dairy (whey)) have shown comparable effects on several muscle-related outcomes, including muscle thickness, force production [ 70 ], muscle size, strength [ 44 ], and power [ 45 ] in young and older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

et al. 2020

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Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. Higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with better muscle function in observational studies, but the evidence from intervention studies was scarce. Non-liquid dairy foods were beneficial for muscle mass in both observational and intervention studies. There was moderate evidence for the role of these foods in muscle strength and sarcopenia, and limited or inconclusive evidence for the benefits of other whole foods (e.g., fish, eggs) for muscle health in older adults. Although current nutritional recommendations are often based on a single nutrient approach, further research about the role of protein-rich and other foods in muscle health will allow for the development of guidelines that are based on whole foods, also highlighting the potential importance of non-protein nutrients within these foods for myoprotection in older adults.

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“…Meat, as a high-quality protein source, supports muscle protein synthesis and, correspondingly, has the capacity to improve quality of life through improving lean body mass and physical performance [18,19]. However, there has been considerable recent attention on the possible health consequences of a diet rich in red meat, including beef [20,21], yet surprisingly little is known about beef digestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable Postprandial Amino Acid and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses to Beef Steak Cooked Using Different Methods: A Randomised Crossover Trial

et al. 2020

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Cooking changes the texture and tenderness of red meat, which may influence its digestibility, circulatory amino acids (AA) and gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal responses in consumers. In a randomised crossover intervention, healthy males (n = 12) consumed a beef steak sandwich, in which the beef was cooked by either a pan-fried (PF) or sous-vide (SV) method. Plasma AA were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), while plasma GI hormones were measured using a flow cytometric multiplex array. Following meat ingestion, the circulatory concentrations of some of the essential AA (all the branched-chain AA: leucine, isoleucine and valine; and threonine), some of the nonessential AA (glycine, alanine, tyrosine and proline) and some of the nonproteogenic AA (taurine, citrulline and ornithine) were increased from fasting levels by 120 or 180 min (p < 0.05). There were no differences in circulating AA concentrations between cooking methods. Likewise, of the measured GI hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations increased from fasting levels after consumption of the steak sandwich (p < 0.05), with no differences between the cooking methods. In the healthy male adults, protein digestion and circulating GI hormone responses to a beef-steak breakfast were unaltered by the different cooking methods.

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Does Beef Protein Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Exercise Performance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

Comparable Postprandial Amino Acid and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses to Beef Steak Cooked Using Different Methods: A Randomised Crossover Trial

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