Does cannabis use in adolescence predict self‐harm or suicide? Results from a Finnish Birth Cohort Study

Denissoff, Alexander; Niemelä, Solja; Scott, James G.; Salom, Caroline; Hielscher, Emily; Miettunen, Jouko; Alakokkare, Anni‐Emilia; Mustonen, Antti

doi:10.1111/acps.13384

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is in line with the results of a previous birth cohort study on the same population as this study that found a robust association between adolescent (15–16 years) cannabis use and subsequent self-harm requiring medical attention by the age 32–33 but there was not such association found between adolescent cannabis use and death by suicide. 37 In this study, family structure of other than two parents and mother’s low education level were independent risk factors for overdoses and intentional overdoses, which was expected due the previously demonstrated associations with these family background factors and AUD. 4–7 , 11 , 12 , 14–17 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Alcohol use in adolescence as a risk factor for overdose in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study

Koivisto

Miettunen

Levola

et al. 2022

European Journal of Public Health

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Background Overdoses and poisonings are among the most common causes of death in young adults. Adolescent problem drinking has been associated with psychiatric morbidity in young adulthood as well as with elevated risk for suicide attempts. There is limited knowledge on adolescent alcohol use as a risk factor for alcohol and/or drug overdoses in later life. Methods Here, data from The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study with a follow-up from adolescence to early adulthood were used to assess the associations between adolescent alcohol use and subsequent alcohol or drug overdose. Three predictors were used: age of first intoxication, self-reported alcohol tolerance and frequency of alcohol intoxication in adolescence. ICD-10-coded overdose diagnoses were obtained from nationwide registers. Use of illicit drugs or misuse of medication, Youth Self Report total score, family structure and mother’s education in adolescence were used as covariates. Results In multivariate analyses, early age of first alcohol intoxication [hazard ratios (HR) 4.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.2–9.2, P < 0.001], high alcohol tolerance (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.6–6.0, P = 0.001) and frequent alcohol intoxication (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.4, P = 0.035) all associated with the risk of overdoses. Early age of first intoxication (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9–14.7, P = 0.002) and high alcohol tolerance (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7–11.5, P = 0.002) also associated with intentional overdoses. Conclusions Alcohol use in adolescence associated prospectively with increased risk of overdose in later life. Early age of first intoxication, high alcohol tolerance and frequent alcohol intoxication are all predictors of overdoses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Alcohol use in adolescence as a risk factor for overdose in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study

Koivisto

Miettunen

Levola

et al. 2022

European Journal of Public Health

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“…However, while an independent association between cannabis use and bipolar disorder was not seen due to confounding by other substance use, the data still suggest early cannabis exposure to be an adverse clinical marker for onset of bipolar disorder. Moreover, participants in this cohort who smoked cannabis before age 16 years have been shown to be at increased risk of other adverse mental health outcomes, including psychosis [28] and self‐harm [29]. Therefore, reducing cannabis use in adolescents is an important public health priority.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is early exposure to cannabis associated with bipolar disorder? Results from a Finnish birth cohort study

et al. 2022

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Background and aims: There are few longitudinal studies assessing the association of cannabis use and subsequent onset of bipolar disorder. We aimed to measure the association between early cannabis exposure and subsequent bipolar disorder. Design, Setting and Participants: Observational study linking a sample from the northern Finland birth cohort 1986 (n = 6325) to nation-wide register data to examine the association of life-time cannabis exposure at age 15/16 years and subsequent bipolar disorder until age 33 (until the end of 2018); 6325 individuals (48.8% males) were included in the analysis. Measurements: Cannabis exposure was measured via self-report. Bipolar disorder was measured via bipolar disorder-related diagnostic codes (ICD-10: F30.xx, F31.xx) collected from the Care Register for Health Care 2001-18, the Register of Primary Health Care Visits 2011-18, the medication reimbursement register of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland 2001-05 and the disability pensions of the Finnish Center for Pensions 2001-16. Potential confounders included demographic characteristics, parental psychiatric disorders, emotional and behavioral problems and other substance use.Findings: Three hundred and fifty-two adolescents (5.6%) reported any cannabis use until the age of 15-16 years. Of the whole sample, 66 (1.0%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Adolescent cannabis use was associated with bipolar disorder [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81-6.61]. This association remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, family structure and parental psychiatric disorders (HR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.47-6.13) and after further adjusting for adolescent emotional and behavioral problems (HR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.11-4.94). Further adjustments for frequent alcohol intoxications, daily smoking and lifetime illicit drug use attenuated the associations to statistically non-significant. Conclusions:In Finland, the positive association between early cannabis exposure and subsequent development of bipolar disorder appears to be confounded by other substance use.

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“…In addition, the homicidal intoxication was the most common manner of death among fatalities involving hashish alone in compared with fatalities involving hashish with other drugs. The relationship has been found between hashish abuse, homicide and suicide in several previously published studies [22][23][24][25]. In the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, hashish abuse ranked the second illicit drugs among suicidal hanging in the period 2014 to 2019 [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profiling of Hashish Resin and its Possible Role in Forensic Cases Involving Violence in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Albeishy

Abualsail

Hakamei

et al. 2022

AJFSFM

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Hashish resin is a narcotic prepared from a concentrated extract of cannabis flowers and leaves. It can cause confusion, anxiety, panic, paranoia, and even psychosis. This study's goal was to assess the hazards associated with abuse of hashish resin, its chemical composition and possible role in forensic cases involving violence in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, all forensic cases in Jazan, from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively investigated. The data were collected from the OTARR electronic system using the data collecting form. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of seized hashish. The percentage of cases having positive results for hashish in fatal cases were 1, 2, and 5% and in crime cases these were 29, 26, and 31% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Homicide and suicide were the major manners of death among fatalities involving hashish. More than one-third of the crimes were related to hashish use/abuse. Amphetamine and ethanol were most used drugs in combination with hashish. The average level of THC (the active compound in hashish) in crimes and fatalities was determined. The relationships between chemical composition of seized hashish, mental diseases and violence were investigated and discussed.

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Does cannabis use in adolescence predict self‐harm or suicide? Results from a Finnish Birth Cohort Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Alcohol use in adolescence as a risk factor for overdose in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study

Alcohol use in adolescence as a risk factor for overdose in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study

Is early exposure to cannabis associated with bipolar disorder? Results from a Finnish birth cohort study

Chemical Profiling of Hashish Resin and its Possible Role in Forensic Cases Involving Violence in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

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