Does clientelism hinder progressive social policy in Latin America?

Abstract

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Political parties, state resources and electoral clientelism

“…Many comparative efforts quickly run into shortage of available empirical evidence and have a limited discussion about the variety of clientelistic strategies available worldwide. Some ways to overcome these challenges is through proxy data collected via expert surveys (Gherghina and Volintiru 2020;Yıldırım and Kitschelt 2020;Berens and Ruth-Lovell 2021) or coordinated effort of many smaller case-oriented teams (Berenschot and Aspinall 2020).…”

“…Three other articles conceptualize electoral clientelism as a dynamic process that may take various forms in addition to the classic exchange of goods between patron and client covered by previous research. The conceptual differences are observable in various political settings: a case of administrative clientelism that may hinder policy reforms in Canada (Howlett and Rayner 2020), the relation of electoral clientelism with specific types of deprivation in Latin America (Berens and Ruth-Lovell 2021), or the centralization of electoral clientelism through personal networks in an African country (Mişcoiu and Kakdeu 2021).…”

“…Related to consequences of clientelism, some works in this special issue suggest several methodological approaches that allow gauging the basic characteristics of expected clientelism. For example, one article using expert survey in combination with public opinion data indicates that the presence of clientelism increases the electoral support for parties with residualistic social policy platforms in the form of welfare state and redistribution (Berens and Ruth-Lovell 2021).…”

“…Third, this special issue approaches clientelism from several perspectives and brings together substantive empirical evidence about the varieties of clientelism. The evidence included in this special issue comes from expert perceptions (Gherghina and Volintiru 2020;Berens and Ruth-Lovell 2021), political elite behavior (Denemark 2020; Howlett and Rayner 2020), users of clientelism (Mişcoiu and Kakdeu 2021), and election campaign data (Saikkonen 2021). The special issue combines contributions in the form of contextualized case studies (Australia, Canada, Cameroon, and Russia) with comparative perspectives across countries (Latin America, Eastern partnership countries).…”

Nuevas perspectivas sobre desigualdad y política social en América Latina

“…La pandemia del COVID-19 no sólo profundizó la desigualdad, sino que dejó en evidencia las enormes diferencias entre territorios, etnias, géneros y ocupaciones sociales en aspectos tan diversos como acceso a internet, servicios de salud, agua potable en casa y seguridad alimentaria. Varios factores estructurales configuran este crudo panorama de las múltiples desigualdades: los legados de la estructura colonial que operaron en contra de afrodescendientes e indígenas (Acemoglu et al, 2001); la economía basada en la explotación de materias primas (Williamson, 2015;Ocampo, 2017;Frankema, 2009); las limitaciones de los Estados en la provisión de servicios públicos de buena calidad (Otero-Bahamón, 2020); democratizaciones incompletas (Acemoglu y Robinson, 2006;Boix, 2003); la sobresaliente capacidad de determinados grupos de poder de moldear la política pública (Fairfield, 2015;García-Montoya, 2020); políticas sociales segmentadas (Pribble, 2013;Garay, 2017); así como dinámicas de corrupción y clientelismo (Berens, 2021), entre otros.…”