Does codon bias have an evolutionary origin?

Abstract

Background: There is a 3-fold redundancy in the Genetic Code; most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. These synonymous codons are not used equally; there is a Codon Usage Bias (CUB). This article will provide novel information about the origin and evolution of this bias.

Revisiting Crick?s Dogma and the Impossibility of Reverse Translation

“…-We have shown by statistical analysis of 113 species-specific Codon Usage Tables that wobble bases are not randomly chosen, but their frequencies are highly predictable from the rest [38]. This observation further confirms the importance (and non-randomness) of wobble bases.…”

Intraarticular injection of anakinra in osteoarthritis of the knee: A multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study

“…Then amino acid sequence is much less affected by choice of the third codon bases. On the other hand, some researches indicate that the pattern of codon usage differs among distantly related organisms 21–23. However, our protein set comes from 36 species including Escherichia coli , human, chicken, Bacillus stearothermophilus (see Table S1), all adopt the same pattern of choice (see below).…”

Antagonistic relationships between intron content and codon usage bias of genes in three mosquito species: functional and evolutionary implications

“…To put the results of our study into the broader evolutionary context, it is imperative to ask whether codon bias originated late or early in evolution. If we assume that codon bias might have an early evolutionary origin (Biro ), then the observed antagonistic relationship between codon bias and intron from our study would suggest that intronization of eukaryotic genes (Koonin ) may be associated with the decline of codon bias in higher organisms.…”