Using a large sample of public firms in 51 countries during the period from 2010 to 2015 and a two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression with an instrumental variable (IV), this study investigates how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance (CG) mechanisms interact to influence a firm's intellectual capital (IC) efficiency. The empirical results reveal that CSR engagement and CG structures influence the firm efficiency in managing IC. This study contributes to managerial practice by demonstrating the causal effect of CSR on value-added intellectual capital (VAIC) measures and the positive impact of CG on both CSR engagement and the efficiency with which firms manage their IC. Furthermore, the current study provides an additional understanding of the relationship among CSR engagement, CG practices, and the determining factors of IC efficiency within a comprehensive framework.Thirdly, by capturing the points of convergence stemming from a stakeholder approach to CSR engagement, CG mechanisms, and IC development, the current paper aims to respond to Dumay's [25] call for a shift of the research focus on IC development from an accounting to a management perspective. Indeed, for Dumay, the CSR engagement represents an important opportunity to expand the research agenda on the management of IC, instead of concentrating on synergies among IC reporting and CSR disclosure.Furthermore, relative to prior literature, the current study aims to advance the methodological design for empirical evidence on the link between CSR, CG, and IC. In particular, we collected longitudinal panel data on a large sample of international public firms for which we have information for the 2010-2015 period. Additionally, our estimates employ the instrumental variable (IV) approach for the treatment of reverse causality. Finally, the econometric models of this paper adopt data on CSR engagement drawing from the Asset4 dataset provided by Reuters. As noted in the previous studies (e.g., Reference [38]), Asset4 generates transparent, auditable, and comparable information for the evaluation of corporate social performance.With the awareness that measuring IC performance is still an open question [18], we estimate the financial contribution of IC performance through value-added intellectual capital (VAIC) by Pulic [39], a model that has been widely used as the primary measure of IC (e.g., Reference [31,[40][41][42]). Consistent with Iazzolino and Laise [43] and relative to the indicators that measure value creation from shareholders' perspective, VAIC measures value creation from the stakeholder perspective and clearly accounts for IC.Therefore, to achieve the objectives of the current study, the remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the conceptual framework and the hypotheses. Section 3 explains the design of the empirical study. Section 4 summarizes the results. Section 5 provides the theoretical conclusions and managerial implications Finally, Section 6 includes the study's limitations and sugg...