“…Many studies examine a range of CFP measures (operational, accounting and market) for their association with the ESGP measure of interest (e.g., all the meta‐analytical studies reviewed in this article include multiple CFP measures). From a disclosure perspective, the literature shows evidence of ESGP as reducing informational asymmetry between the firm and key stakeholders (Fombrun and Shanley, 1990; Aghion and Holden, 2011; Nguyen et al , 2018), as well as being directed to a more specific outcome, for example ESG disclosure and dividend payments (Cheung et al , 2018; Ni and Zhang, 2019). Although ESG disclosures may be a proxy for actual ESGP (Beck et al , 2018), pressure from stakeholder groups in and outside the firm shape financial decisions, with firm decision‐making taking into account how disclosure may favourably address stakeholder concerns (Coleman et al , 2010), raising risks of green‐ or white‐washing.…”